Exam 1

Chapter 1:

• Biology

  • Genetics

  • Physical & productive health 

Resources? (What city (overseas or in America) do you want to live in?)
Tools families use to help meet needs/goals:

• Financial

• Emotional

• Mental 

• Spritiual 

• Physical 

• Geographic

• Educational 
  

Social Relations: How should people interact?

Collateral: decision making, subordinate to group goals

Individualistic: individual goals are more important than group goals, equality, and majority rules.

Chapter 2 

What’s Family: 

Textbook definition: 2 or more people related by blood, marriage, personal experience, or adoption. Form an economic or practical unit and care for every member. 

Family statistics & changing dynamics Pew Research Center

• Marriage Benefits

  • Being satisfied with social lives compared to single men

  • having a large number of close friends

  • satisfied with their physical and mental health

  • feels less isolated

  • Women benefit from marriage, but their gains are modest compared to those of single women.

• Domestic Labor

  • Women perceive that they are more involved in:

    • Cleaning the house (65%)

    • Washing and folding Laundry (67%)

    • Preparing anf cooking meals(63%)

    • Plan more couple and social activities (51%)

    • Making health-related decisions and planning social activities for their children (79%)

  • Women & Men Perceive equal participation in:

    • Paying household bills and tracking spending

    • Resolving relational issues

• Children

  • Birth rate reached a record low in 2020

  • 74% of young adults believe there is no social benefit to raising children, and people should prioritize other goals.

  • Reasons for not wanting children:

    • Cost

    • Insecurity over parenting skills

    • a lot of work

    • Interfere with professional goals

    • Nature of the world

    • Health (physical and mental) concerns.

  • Wait to get married and start a family.

Areas of Management affected by family dynamics

• Career Management

  • present and future career goals

  • need to assess educational requirements if it’s worth the effort

  • constantly shifting in terms of expectations and skills

• Family planning

  • child and elder care; availability, adequacy, and expense

  • sandwich generation; caring for aging parents and growing children.

Social Exchange theory:

• Have a variety of resources that we bring to any relationship

  • Money, physical appearance, physical/emotional affection, intelligence, athleticism, work ethic, social status, etc

  • We look for and trade for more/better/different resources that another possesses.

    • The goal is to maximize benefits while minimizing costs

    • Costs are defined as resources that you have lost or acquired from the relationship.

  • Ideally, the power dynamic should be balanced based on the resources each person brings to the table.

    • fanical and educational resources tip the scales to the person having a higher level of both.

Symbolic interactionism

• Each family is unique.

  • Gestures, symbols, actions, and beliefs are created, shared, and given significance.

  • Shared meanings allow families to define/interpret resources in unique ways.

• impression management

  • Families try to control the image that other people have of them.

  • members are aware that comsumption og goods and services is interpreted and judged by society

Human Ecological Theory: views the family as an ecosystem that constantly interacts with its environment. It emphasizes how families adapt to and shape their environment, including economic, social, cultural, and physical factors, in their management of resources and pursuit of well-being.

Family development theory

• Family is a dynamic and changing system that transitions through a series of predictable stages.

  • dating

  • marraige

  • childbearing

  • childrearing

  • emptynest

  • retirment

  • dealth

• Main focus areas are:

  • timing

  • renegotiation of family roles

Foa and Foa's resource theory

People exchange resources by evaluating two qualities:

• Particularistic: a person is selective in who they exchange a resource with

  • High particularism (more selective of resources; love, status, services,

  • Low particularism( less selective or resources; information, goods, money

• Concreteness: the degree to which resources are gained or lost in a social relationship

  • High Concreteness(more resources lost); financial tolls, goods, services/support

  • Low Concreteness  (less resource loss); ideas, information, status

Exchange & Management of resources

• The goals of any social relationship are the equitable exchange and balance of resources.

  • Receive something equal to what's given

  • Improve lives while minimizing negative impacts

• Altruism in relationships

  • Behavior that doesn't benefit and may even be harmful to a person, but helps others. The person receives no positive outcome from the exchange.

Using Resources

• People use an "assume-no-loss" strategy when using resources

  • Less focus on a negative outcome

  • Influenced by the type and quantity of resources we possess

• Those with fewer resources plan for more negative outcomes.

• People use more resources early in a time period and less toward the end.

Resource allocation power

• Implementation Power

  • Power granted by the orchestrator to other family members to make day-to-day minor decisions.