5 - Chapter_14_Alcohol

Page 1: Course Introduction

• Course: HSS 1101 - Determinants of Health

• Institution: University of Ottawa

• Website for further information: uOttawa.ca

Page 2: Chapter Overview

• Topic: Alcohol: The Most Popular Drug

• Presenter: Dave Kato, MacEwan University

• Reference Book: Core Concepts in Health, Fourth Canadian Edition by Irwin Burke, Insel & Roth

Page 3: Standard Drink Measurements

• One Standard Drink Size and Calories:

  • Light beer (4% alcohol): 341 mL (12 oz.) – 1 bottle, approx. 99 calories

  • Regular beer (5% alcohol): 341 mL (12 oz.) – 1 bottle, approx. 140 calories

  • Non-alcoholic beer (0.5% alcohol): 350 mL – 1 can, approx. 210 calories

  • Daiquiri: 207 mL (7 oz.), approx. 260 calories

  • Piña colada: 133 mL (4.5 oz.), approx. 245 calories

  • Vodka (40% alcohol): 44 mL (1.5 oz.) – 1 shot, approx. 100 calories

  • Wine (12% alcohol): 145 mL (5 oz.), approx. 100 calories

Page 4: Alcohol Absorption

• Factors Determining Absorption Rate:

  • Speed of drinking

  • Rate at which stomach empties

  • Presence of food and drugs in system

  • Gender and ethnicity

• Absorption Locations:

  • Oral mucosa: small amount

  • Stomach: 20%

  • Upper small intestine: 75%

• Metabolism:

  • Primarily occurs in the liver

  • Enzymatic conversion: alcohol to acetaldehyde, then to acetate

  • Individual enzyme variance affects alcohol reaction

Page 5: Blood Alcohol Consumption

• Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC):

  • Ratio of alcohol in blood relative to body weight

• Influencing Factors:

  • Body weight

  • Percent body fat

  • Biological sex

  • Food intake can slow alcohol absorption

• Risks:

  • Fast drinking increases fatality risk

Page 6: Blood Alcohol Concentration Chart

• BAC Zones and Effects:

  • 0.00%: Not impaired

  • 0.05% - 0.07%: Usually impaired

  • 0.08% and above: Always impaired

• Example Timeline:

  • Various weights with respective drink counts over time indicate impairment levels.

Page 7: Intoxication Effects

• Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) and Intoxication Stages:

  • Details effects at different levels of BAC.

Page 8: Risks of Alcohol Consumption

• Alcohol’s Impact:

  • Illustrates the correlation between alcohol consumption and risky behaviors.

Page 9: Immediate Effects of Alcohol

• Low BAC (0.03 to 0.05%): Relaxation and joviality

• Increased Bac Effects:

  • BAC 0.1%: Reduced motor function, sleepiness

  • BAC 0.2%: Loss of functionality

• Severe Risks:

  • Alcohol poisoning: CNS depression

  • Symptoms of hangover: headache, shakiness, nausea, fatigue

  • Potential for increased heart rate and blood pressure.

Page 10: Alcohol and Driving Risks

• Drunk Driving Statistics:

  • Leading criminal cause of death in Canada

  • Young Canadians (ages 16-25) most affected

• Legal Limit:

  • .08 BAC

  • .05-.08 BAC: Warning range.

Page 11: Chronic Effects of Alcohol Misuse

• Long-Term Health Consequences:

  • Impacts on digestive system, cardiovascular system, cancer risk, brain damage, mortality.

Page 12: Alcohol Use During Pregnancy

• Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD):

  • No safe level for alcohol during pregnancy.

• Consideration:

  • Moving away from previous beliefs about moderate drinking during pregnancy.

Page 13: Alcohol Consumption in Canada

• Patterns of Drinking:

  • 76% of Canadians consume alcohol

  • 25% report heavy drinking, especially young adults

• Social Burden:

  • Alcohol misuse leads to productivity losses and healthcare costs.

Page 14: Canada's Low-Risk Drinking Guidelines

• Weekly Limits:

  • Women: 10 drinks/week, no more than 2/day

  • Men: 15 drinks/week, no more than 3/day

• Single Occasion Limits:

  • Women: max 3 drinks; Men: max 4 drinks

• Absolute Limits: During driving, heavy machinery, mental health issues, pregnancy, etc.

Page 15: 2023 Low-Risk Alcohol Drinking Guidelines

• Risk Levels:

  • 0 drinks = no risk

  • 1-2 drinks/week = likely safe

  • 3-6 drinks/week = cancer risk

  • 7+ drinks/week = increased risk of heart disease/stroke.

Page 16: Understanding Alcohol Use Disorder

• Prevalence Across Demographics:

  • Alcohol use disorder affects all ethnic groups and socio-economic levels.

• Criteria for Diagnosis:

  • Overconsumption, unsuccessful attempts to cut down, time spent obtaining/recovering from alcohol.

Page 17: Continued Criteria for Alcohol Use Disorder

• Physical and Psychological Issues:

  • Tolerance development, withdrawal symptoms, hazardous use, continued use despite issues.

Page 18: Binge Drinking

• Definition:

  • Reaches BAC .08% or more; for males (5 drinks), females (4 drinks) within 2 hours.

• Prevalence:

  • 17% of Canadians in 2020 were heavy drinkers, particularly among those aged 18-49.

Page 19: Severe Alcohol Use Disorder Effects

• Withdrawal Symptoms:

  • Shaking, sweating, rapid pulse, potential seizures.

• Co-occurring Disorders:

  • Depression, schizophrenia, other substance abuse problems.

Page 20: Causes and Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder

• Causes:

  • Genetic influences; environmental factors like household violence.

• Treatment Options:

  • Ranges from self-help to professional treatment programs.

Page 21: Alcohol Use Statistics in Canada

• Statistics by Sex and Province:

  • Rates of exceeding low-risk drinking guidelines for males and females in various provinces.

Page 22: Helping Someone with an Alcohol Problem

• Support Strategies:

  • Open and honest communication; eliminate enabling behaviors.

• Self-Examination:

  • Reflect on personal reasons for drinking.

Page 23: Promoting Responsible Drinking

• Community Responsibility:

  • Encourage responsible drinking attitudes; be a responsible host.