Art Appreciation - Week Eight Art Study Guide

Film: Roundhay Garden Scene is the name of the earliest known film

Stroboscopic Motion- The effect created when we see two or more repeated images in

quick succession in such a way that they visually fuse together

Phénakisticope- A paper disc with a series of subtly different drawings on it

Animation- Motion pictures in which the images are not photographic in origin

The Persistence of Vision-

Zoetrope- A spinning cylinder with a series of slits in it that focus the viewer's eyes on just

a few of the images, for a smoother animation effect

Flip Book- A stack of paper filled with drawings that form an animation when one flips

through the stack

Frame Rate- How frequently the images change within a motion picture

24 fps- The standard frame rate for film and animation

Frame- A single image of a film or video

Slow-Motion- An effect where time appears to slow down on screen

Cinématographe- A hand-cranked device that functioned both as the camera and the

projector of the film also means “the writing of movement”; the Lumiere Brothers invented

the Cinematographe and released the first publicly shown films

Stop-Motion Animation- An animation technique that uses numerous still images of real

objects being moved ever so slightly between each frame to create the illusion of motion;

The Humpty Dumpty Circus by Albert E. Smith is known film made with Stop-Motion

Animation

Claymation- A stop motion animation that uses figures and props made of clay as the

elements that are manipulated during filming; Long Live The Bull by Joseph Sunn is the

world's first Claymotion

Shots- Any uninterrupted length of film

Film Editing- into longer films through this process

Movie- In which an editor uses the best shots to create intentional sequences of footage

known as a Movie

Montage- The use of multiple fast-paced shots from different angles placed one after the

other to show many aspects of a single event: The Odessa Steps Massacre is the most

famous montage

Score- An original musical composition created to accompany a specific film

Camera Angle- The position the camera is placed in while it films

Special Effects (SFX)- Technical visual tricks used to stimulate the imaginary elements of a

movie-made in George Lucas 1977 film, Star Wars

Computer-Generated Imagery (CGI)- Special effects created with the aid of computer

processing with live footage

Computer Animation- Animated films that are entirely rendered with computer programs

Video- A method of encoding moving images onto magnetic tapes using electromagnetic

waves which was invented by John Logie Baird in 1924

Optical-Disc Technologies- A method of encoding information in minor physical variations

of the disc’s surface that are interpreted into visual data with the aid of a beam of light

technology such as a laser; Examples include Laser Disc, DVD, and BluRay

Digital Camera- Cameras that use electronic light sensors to capture and store light as

binary data

Windsor Mckay is responsible for the first hand-animated film, Gertie The Dinosaur

Art & Technology:

Algorist- Artists who create art using algorithmic procedures that include their own

algorithms/code; The first generative artists

Post-Digital Painting- A style of painting in which an artist recreates, in actual paint, images

that were initially created by digital processes; Chris Finley was part of this organization

NFT- Non-fungible token: Non-fungible token means that something is unique and can’t be

replaced. By contrast, physical money and cryptocurrencies are fungible, which means they

can be trade or exchanged for one another

SOFTWARE show began in 1970

Stelarc was an artist who had an ear grown on his arm

AARON was the first AI Artist

Alternative Media:

Action Painting- Application of paint to canvas by dripping, splashing, or smearing that

emphasizes the artist’s gestures; Jackson Pollock was famous for his Action Paintings

Performance Art- A work involving the human body, usually including the artist, in front

of an audience

Happening- Impromptu art action, initiated and planned by an artist, the outcome of

which is not known in advance; Allan Kaprow invented this idea

Conceptual Art-Artwork in which the ideas are most important to the work: The look of

art is not more important than the idea behind it

Installation- Originally referring to the hanging of pictures and arrangement of objects in

an exhibition, installation may also refer to an intentional environment created as a

completed artwork; Kara Walker’s artwork, A Subtley is an example of this

Tableau- A stationary scene arranged for artistic impact

Comics:

Comic- Combining words and pictures and putting them in sequence

Transition Types:

Moment-to-Moment- Like animation where there are just very small changes and it is

almost like each panel is one or two seconds passing by

Action-to-Action- Basically moment to moment but extended out: Example- Ikea

catalog; A sequence of images that is telling you the actions you need to go through to

put together a piece of furniture

Subject-to-Subject- When you change between different subjects in a scene; requires

more closure on the audience's part

Scene-to-Scene- Showing the viewer different times and perspectives(check)

Aspect-to-Aspect- More seen in manga; It is like if you took a bunch of photos of the

same place from different angles but they are all at the same time

Non-Sequitur- Images that don’t have an obvious connection, leading to the views

having to interpret it.

Image and Word Combination Types:

Word Specific- Picture illustrates but does not significantly add to a largely completed

text.

Picture Specific- The picture is more important; you don’t need words or sound effects

to understand the situation.

Duo-Specific- Panels in which the words and pictures send out the same message.

Additive- Words amplify or elaborate on an image.

Parallel- Words and pictures follow different directions without intersecting.

Montage- Words are treated as integral parts of the picture