Quote: "Health is not valued till sickness comes." - Thomas Fuller
Define health and health promotion.
Identify vulnerable populations.
Discuss the role of the nurse in health, wellness, and health promotion.
Explain variables that influence health beliefs and practices.
Identify two national initiatives for health promotion and prevention.
Compare and contrast the nursing and teaching processes.
Identify the purposes of patient education.
Understand basic learning principles.
Differentiate readiness to learn from ability to learn.
Identify environments that promote learning.
Evaluate learning using appropriate methods.
Health: A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being; not merely the absence of disease.
Wellness: Living a lifestyle that promotes good physical, mental, and emotional health.
Disease: Pathological changes in the structure or function of the body or mind.
Morbidity: Refers to health issues.
Mortality: Refers to death rates.
Illness: Rapid onset with abilities to return to previous functioning levels.
Acute Illness: Sudden onset with a short duration.
Chronic Illness: Long-term health conditions.
Exacerbation: Periods when symptoms worsen.
Remission: Periods of improvement or absence of symptoms.
Genetic Factors: Inherited defects.
Developmental Factors: Issues due to prenatal exposures (viruses, chemicals).
Biologic Agents: Toxins and pathogens.
Physical Agents: Environmental factors such as temperature change and radiation.
Physiologic Reactions: Responses to stress affecting health.
Secretory Issues: Problems with hormone or enzyme production.
Genetic & Physiologic Factors: Inherited traits affecting health.
Age: Different age groups have different health risks.
Environment: Surroundings influencing health outcomes.
Lifestyle: Choices impacting overall wellness.
Internal Variables:
Perception of illness (acute vs. chronic).
Nature of the illness.
External Variables:
Visibility of symptoms.
Support from social groups.
Cultural background and economic variables.
Access to healthcare.
Internal Variables:
Developmental stage.
Intellectual background and perception.
Emotional and spiritual factors.
External Variables:
Family practices.
Socioeconomic status and cultural background.
Groups at greatest risk for poor health outcomes:
Low socioeconomic status individuals.
Ethnic and racial minorities.
Individuals discriminated against socially or politically.
Health Promotion: Focuses on:
Self-responsibility.
Nutritional awareness.
Stress management.
Physical fitness.
Goals: To optimize health through evidence-based practices aimed at communities and populations.
Assessment: Identify risks, discuss health hazards, and educate patients on wellness strategies.
Key aspects of Motivational Interviewing:
Listen instead of telling.
Adjust to patient resistance.
Reflective listening shows empathy.
Focus on positive aspects.
Health Belief Model: Predicts preventive behaviors.
Health Promotion Model: Influences of prior behaviors and experiences.
Transtheoretical Model: Stages of behavior change.
Health-Illness Continuum: Ranges from death to high-level wellness.
Agent-Host-Environment Model: Interactions affecting health status.
Primary Prevention: Health education, fitness activities, and immunizations.
Secondary Prevention: Screenings and follow-up care.
Tertiary Prevention: Rehabilitation, medication management, and dietary counseling.
Teaching & Communication: Promotes learning through an interactive process focused on the patient's needs.
Nurses as Teachers: Facilitate health maintenance, illness prevention, and coping strategies.
Factors that hinder effective learning:
Poor teaching environment.
Cultural differences.
Financial concerns.
Patient’s readiness and motivation to learn.
Readiness to Learn: Mental state and motivation affecting learning capacity.
Ability to Learn: Cognitive development, prior knowledge, and physical health considerations.
Visual: Charts, graphs, and PowerPoints.
Auditory: Listening centers, discussions.
Read/Write: Note taking and textbooks.
Kinesthetic: Hands-on activities.
Conditions that promote learning:
Comfortable, well-lit spaces.
Quiet and private.
Ready state for learning.
Comparison of nursing and teaching processes: focuses on patient care needs vs. learning needs.
Effective teaching includes assessing learning needs and developing customized strategies.
Assessment: Understanding learner's condition and needs.
Diagnosis: Identifying knowledge deficiencies.
Planning: Establishing tailored teaching goals.
Implementation: Executing teaching strategies effectively.
Evaluation: Continuous assessment of learning outcomes.
Failing to consider patient circumstances, using jargon, and neglecting evaluation of learning.