6^th grade Biology Precomp Study Guide 2021-22

This is NOT being turned in for points. This has all the topics that will be included for the pre-comp exam. I suggest you make flashcards for any vocab terms you do not have committed to memory.

Vocabulary: define (give examples, when appropriate)

Use this to prepare for the pre-comps. Study all class notes, Directed Readings, other assignments you completed for this class and quizzes that have been graded and returned to you.

FOR NAMES OF BONES AND MUSCLES: you only need to know the ones covered in class notes and power points on Skeletal and Muscular system.

Vocabulary you should know:

Cytoplasm

Cytosol

Nucleolus

Mitochondria

Cell/Plasma Membrane

Rough ER

Smooth ER

Nucleus

Lysosome

Vacuole

Vesicle

Ribosome

Eukaryotic

Prokaryotic

Nucleoid

Robert Hooke

DNA

Cells

Tissues

Organs

Organ System

Connective Tissue

Muscle Tissue

Nervous Tissue

Epithelial tissue

Organism

Skeletal System

Muscular System

Integumentary System

Circulatory System

Respiratory System

Nervous System

Urinary System

Digestive System

Endocrine System

Lymphatic System

Reproductive System

Bones

Cartilage

Ligament

Tendon

Compact Bone

Spongy Bone

Axial skeleton

Appendicular skeleton

Haversian canals

Epiphysis

Diaphysis

Osteocyte

Osteoblast

Osteoclast

Red/Yellow Marrow

Names of Bones

Skeletal system functions

Gliding/Sliding Joint

Fixed/Immovable Joint

Sutures

Hinge Joint

Ball and Socket Joint

Joint

Arthritis

Osteoporosis

Periosteum

Names of Muscles

Muscular system functions

Smooth Muscle

Cardiac Muscle

Skeletal Muscle

Voluntary Movement

Involuntary Movement

Flexors

Extensors

Resistance Exercise

Aerobic Exercise

Muscle Strain

Anabolic Steroids

Tendonitis

Atrophy

Hypertrophy

Testosterone

Contraction/Relaxation

Muscle Pairs

Epidermis

Dermis

Subcutaneous Layer

Hair

Nail

Fat Layer

Blood Vessels

Erector Pilli Muscle

Sweat Glands

Nerves

Pores

Sebaceous Gland (oil gland)

Sebum (oil)

Sweat

Goose Bumps

Lunula

Nail Body

Nail Root

Fatty tissue/Adipose tissue

Nail Bed

Spinal Cord

Keratin

Melanin

Skin cancer

Functions of Skin

Parts of Heart

Blood Vessels

Cardiovascular system and homeostasis

Atria

Ventricles

Valves location and function

Oxygenated

Deoxygenated

Contraction

Arteries

Arterioles

Capillaries

Venules

Veins

Pulse

Gas Exchange

Pulmonary Circulation

Systemic Circulation

Flow of blood through heart

Cardiovascular Problems

Atherosclerosis

High Blood Pressure

Hypertension

Stroke

Heart Attack

Heart Failure

Blood

Blood’s Job

Plasma

Red Blood Cells

Hemoglobin

Platelets

Blood Clot/Scab

White Blood Cells

Pathogens

Antibodies

Body Temp. Regulation

Vasodilation

Blood Types

Antigens

Transfusion

Universal Donor

Universal Recipient

Blood Type A

Blood Type B

Blood Type AB

Blood Type O

Septum

Lymph

Lymph Nodes

Thymus

Spleen

Tonsils

Lymph Capillaries

Lymph Vessels

Large Neck Veins

Killer T Cells

Memory B Cells

Lymphocytes

Lungs

Bronchi

Bronchioles

Pharynx

Larynx

Epiglottis

Nasal Cavity

Diaphragm

Gas Exchange

Respiration

Cellular Respiration

Breathing

Alveoli

Trachea

Esophagus

Study Questions:

1. What are the organelles of the cell that we studied? Give their primary function.
2. What is the relationship between cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems?
3. List the levels of organization starting with basic unit of life cells all the way through ecosystem.
4. List the names of the four different types of tissues and their functions. Give examples.
5. List all the organ systems? What is the primary function of each organ system?
6. What are at least four functions of bones?
7. What is axial and appendicular skeleton? List the location of each.
8. Which type of tissue is bone and blood?
9. What do osteoblasts deposit on bones?
10. What are different types of joints? What movement does each allow for? Give examples and location of each joint.
11. List the common and scientific names of all bones taught in class. Refer to class notes.
12. What are the different parts of a bone? List the function of each part and where they are located within the bone.
13. What are the three types of muscle? How do they appear and where are they located? List if they are voluntary or involuntary.
14. How do skeletal muscles move bone?
15. List all the common and scientific names of muscles taught in class. Refer to class notes.
16. What are at least four functions of skin?
17. What determines skin and hair color?
18. What structures are found in the dermis layer of the skin?
19. What is the function of each structure found in the dermis?
20. List the three layers of the skin, the structures located in each layer and their functions.
21. Explain pulmonary and systemic circulation.
22. Explain systolic and diastolic blood pressure. What are the normal values?
23. List the path that blood takes as it circulates through the body and the heart, starting and ending at Right Atrium. List all blood vessels and valves the blood flows through.
24. Why do arteries have thick walls?
25. What are the four different blood types? Discuss antigens, antibodies, recipient, and donor for each type.
26. How is lymph moved through the Lymphatic System?
27. What are parts of the lymphatic system? List a function of each part.
28. List the path of oxygen in air entering the nose and reaching the blood capillaries.
29. Where is the epiglottis located? What is its function?
30. Where does gas exchange take place in the Respiratory System? How does it happen?
31. How does the diaphragm move to inhale and exhale?
32. List and explain the diseases of the skeletal, muscular, integumentary, cardiovascular, and respiratory system.

General Info

• Study all of your notes, directed readings, quizzes & tests. (You have seen most of the pre-comp questions before.)
• Use more than one study method. (e.g., make a study guide & have someone quiz you or make flash cards)
• The Common exam will have 50 questions to be answered in 30 minutes
• The Native exam will have 50 questions to be answered in 30 minutes
• When taking the test, choose the BEST answer. None of the multiple-choice questions will have more than one answer.
• Most importantly have CONFIDENCE.

Websites:

Human Skeletal System Video: http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=video+on+skeletal+system&view=detail&mid=14C629C968FBE1B9505C14C629C968FBE1B9505C&FORM=VIRE

Memorize Bones Game: http://memorize.com/bones

Muscular System Video: http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=video+on+muscular+system&&view=detail&mid=E85A427B01EE3E475CE0E85A427B01EE3E475CE0&FORM=VRDGAR

Muscles Naming Game: http://www.anatomyarcade.com/games/PAM/PAM.html

Cells Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=URUJD5NEXC8

Integumentary System Video:

http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=integumentary+system+video&&view=detail&mid=583E549E23442F4C2E8E583E549E23442F4C2E8E&FORM=VRDGAR

All About the Heart: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vi1JK6IYVt8&index=1&list=PLbKSbFnKYVY2IzZtHG4lv6pRtmTSb6n_P

Flow of Blood Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7XaftdE_h60

Pulmonary and Systemic Circuits Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K57qjYYjgIY&list=PLbKSbFnKYVY2IzZtHG4lv6pRtmTSb6n_P&index=4

Arteries vs. Veins Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7b6LRebCgb4&list=PLbKSbFnKYVY2IzZtHG4lv6pRtmTSb6n_P&index=7

What’s Inside of Blood Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5MOn8X-tyFw

Blood Types Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nnqp_3HMlDU

Meet the Lungs: https://www.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-medicine/respiratory-system/respiratory-system-introduction/v/meet-the-lungs