whole way of ideas" aims to defend common sense against Hume's conclusions. - Reid's notable distinction between perception and sensation; defines perception as linked to belief and conviction, unlike mere sensation. - **Moving Toward Kant** - Introduction of Kant’s famous dictum: "thoughts without intuitions are empty; intuitions without concepts are blind." - Transition to Wilfrid Sellers' thoughts on the assertion in experiences and insights related to cognitive philosophy. - **Cognitive Responses to Images** - Exploration of Hume's positive philosophy and related cognitive psychology. - Emphasis on the difference between causation and justification; images cannot make claims or assertions. - Example of how an image lacks grammatical structure, discussing the implications of meaning conveyed by images. - **Lorenz and Tinbergen's Experiments** - 1937 experiments on chicks showcasing innate fear responses to predator shadows, linking to natural selection. - Discussion on behavioral responses and the concept of intrinsic meaning from stimuli. - **Challenges to Innate Imagery** - Reference to Schleich et al.'s paper discussing the complexities in the interpretation of earlier experiments on innate imagery. - Critique of oversimplified views on stimuli leading to innate meaning. - **Conclusion** - Remarks on the differences in perspectives regarding Hume's model in cognitive science. - Discussion on the lack of propositional synthesis in Hume’s approach as seen by some philosophers. - Mention of further exploration of these themes in upcoming lectures relating to Kant. - **Key Takeaways** - Understanding Hume's philosophical journey and criticisms leads to a foundation for exploring Kant. - The importance of language’s structural role in conveying complete thoughts is emphasized. - The ongoing debate regarding innate behaviors and their implications for philosophy and science is highlighted. - Transitionary ideas will link Hume’s insights with Kantian philosophy in subsequent sessions to elaborate on the evolution of these thoughts. Series of points addressing Hume and subsequent philosophical thoughts evolving into Kantian frameworks. - **Suggestions for Further Reading** - Suggested readings on Hume, Kant, and critiques from Fodor, Reid, Russell, and modern discussions of cognition and perception. - Emphasis on contemplating the continuity from empiricism to rationalism in understanding thought and perception. Would constitute a thorough examination for effective understanding of Hume’s contributions and lead to critically engaging with Kant's philosophies in the following sessions.