Review Final - CB

Page 1: Review Final

• Review and consolidation of chapter content for exam preparation.

Page 2: Chapter 11 Attitudes and Influencing Attitudes

• Overview of the chapter discussing how attitudes are formed and their influence on consumer behavior.

Page 3

• Definition of attitude: A learned predisposition to respond in a consistently favorable or unfavorable manner toward a given object.

  • Options: A. belief B. emotion C. attitude C. cognition D. attribute

Page 4

• Example illustrating how a learned predisposition (attitude) affects perception: Caleb learned littering is bad, thus dislikes those who litter.

  • Represents his attitude.

Page 5

• Example of a feature belief: Quaker Oats contains zero sodium.

  • Options: A. conspicuous belief B. benefit belief C. dominant belief D. feature belief E. inherent belief.

Page 6

• Marketers must promote benefits rather than features for less knowledgeable consumers and complex products.

  • Options: A. features; benefits B. benefits; avoidance C. benefits; features.

Page 7

• Component of attitudes: Cognitive consisting of a consumer's beliefs about an object.

  • Options: A. affective B. cognitive C. factual D. behavioral E. utilitarian.

Page 8

• Mitch's belief in Toyota’s reliability represents the cognitive component of his attitude.

  • Options: A. affective B. cognitive C. factual D. behavioral E. utilitarian.

Page 9

• Understanding the cognitive component of attitude uses the multiattribute attitude model.

  • Options: A. attribution theory B. cognitive dissonance theory C. multiattribute attitude model D. attitude consistency theory.

Page 10

• Components of a multiattribute model include: A consumer's attitude toward a brand, beliefs about performance, and importance attached.

  • Options: A. attitude toward brand B. belief about performance C. importance attached D. consumer's ideal level E. all of the above.

Page 11

• Duane is using a multiattribute attitude model.

  • He totals scores on attributes like price, quality, etc.

  • Options: A. multiattribute attitude model B. cognitive assessment model C. belief assessment model.

Page 12

• Consumers allocate points among attitude components indicating importance and it is known as rank-order scale.

  • A. perceptual mapping B. Likert scale C. semantic differential scale D. rank-order scale E. none of the above.

Page 13

• Ideal performance level index in multiattribute models is generally 100.

  • A. 0 B. 25 C. 50 D. 100 E. over 100.

Page 14

• Affective component of an attitude reflects feelings or emotional reactions to an object.

  • Options: A. knowledge B. cognitive C. affective D. behavioral E. orientation.

Page 15

• Kimberly-Clark's interest in mothers' emotional response to Huggies focuses on the affective component of attitude.

  • Options: A. knowledge B. cognitive C. affective D. behavioral E. orientation.

Page 16

• Janice's uncertainty about liking a painting illustrates the affective component.

  • Options: A. cognitive B. affective C. behavioral D. latent E. manifest.

Page 17

• Nike integrates aesthetic appeal appealing to consumers' feelings and functionality.

  • Options: A. aesthetic appeal B. aspirational appeal C. benefit appeal D. social appeal E. personality appeal.

Page 18

• The SAM assesses consumers' affective component.

  • Options: A. cognitive B. affective C. behavioral D. orientation E. personality.

Page 19

• SAM and AdSAM are effective across cultures due to pictorial representations that do not require translation.

  • Options: A. pictorial B. numerical C. emotions D. attitudes.

Page 20

• The behavioral component indicates a tendency to respond positively or negatively towards an object.

  • Options: A. cognitive B. affective C. behavioral D. orientation E. personality.

Page 21

• Actual behaviors are measured primarily through direct questioning.

  • Options: A. physiological measures B. multiattribute models C. SAM and adSAM D. direct questioning E. constant-sum scales.

Page 22

• Attitude component consistency implies changes in one component affect others.

  • Options: A. All change B. One change produces related changes C. operate independently.

Page 23

• Factors causing inconsistencies in beliefs and behaviors: lack of need, situational factors, interpersonal influence.

  • Options: A. lack of need B. failure to consider relative attitudes C. all of the above.

Page 24

• Factors NOT causing inconsistencies: lack of ability.

  • Options: A. lack of need B. lack of ability C. weakly held affect.

Page 25

• Madeline's simultaneous positive and negative views on Regular Coke illustrate an ambivalent attitude.

  • Options: A. relative attitude B. lack of ability C. ambivalent attitude.

Page 26

• Attitude components are generally consistent.

  • Options: A. inconsistent B. consistent C. irregular.

Page 27

• Strategies for changing cognitive components: change beliefs, shift importance, add beliefs, change ideals.

  • Options: A. change beliefs B. shift importance C. add beliefs D. change ideal E. all of the above.

Page 28

• Changing attitudes on American cars requires changing beliefs due to historical perceptions.

  • Options: A. change beliefs B. shift importance C. add beliefs.

Page 29

• Pepsi adding a freshness date aims to add beliefs in the cognitive structure.

  • Options: A. change beliefs B. shift importance C. add beliefs.

Page 30

• Approaches to enhance consumer’s affect: classical conditioning, positive affect towards ads, mere exposure.

  • Options: A. classical conditioning B. create a positive affect C. mere exposure D. all of the above.

Page 31

• Enhancing positive attitudes through positive music in advertisements is appropriate for restaurants.

  • Options: A. Change beliefs B. Use positive music C. Convince consumers about strong attributes.

Page 32

• Mere exposure makes individuals more positive towards a brand after repeated viewings.

  • Options: A. mere exposure B. familiarity effect.

Page 33

• Mere exposure enhances attitudes through familiarity.

  • Options: A. changes beliefs B. adds beliefs C. through familiarity.

Page 34

• Affect, emotions, and Aad play a role in hedonic products.

  • Options: A. durable products B. hedonic products.

Page 35

• Online marketers simulate touch through enhanced content.

  • Options: A. simulated experience B. virtual experience C. enhanced content.

Page 36

• Changing behaviors before affect or cognition is based on classical conditioning.

  • Options: A. classical conditioning B. operant conditioning.

Page 37

• Common techniques to induce trial behaviors include: coupons, free samples.

  • Options: A. coupons B. free samples C. all of the above.

Page 38

• Factors affecting attitude change: program context, viewer distraction, buying occasion.

  • Options: A. program context B. viewer distraction C. A and B.

Page 39

• The theory of reasoned action explains how attitudes form and change.

  • Options: A. cognitive dissonance theory B. reasoned action C. elaboration likelihood model.

Page 40

• The elaboration likelihood model features central and peripheral routes to persuasion.

  • Options: A. primary and secondary routes B. central and peripheral routes.

Page 41

• Carissa's car purchase decision is likely influenced by the central route.

  • Options: A. primary route B. central route C. peripheral route.

Page 42

• The central route to persuasion facilitates consumer's high involvement and belief alteration.

  • Options: A. operates through classical conditioning B. alters beliefs.

Page 43

• Dana's positive reaction from a commercial is influenced by the peripheral route.

  • Options: A. primary route B. peripheral route.

Page 44

• Central route-formed attitudes are typically stronger and more resistant to persuasion.

  • Options: A. stronger B. more predictive of behavior.

Page 45

• Addison should encourage the central route to strengthen attitudes.

  • Options: A. primary route B. central route.

Page 46

• The first strategy a loyal consumer uses against negative brand information is discrediting.

  • Options: A. avoiding B. discrediting C. discounting.

Page 47

• Consumers use discounting to protect their brand from negative attributes.

  • Options: A. avoiding B. discrediting.

Page 48

• Loyal consumers use containment to quarantine negative information.

  • Options: A. avoiding B. containment.

Page 49

• The source of a communication represents who delivers the message.

  • Options: A. how B. who C. what.

Page 50

• Source credibility entails reliability and expertise in a communication.

  • Options: A. message appeal B. source credibility.

Page 51

• Dr. Rosenfeld's source credibility comes from expertise in healthcare.

  • Options: A. source credibility B. source derogation.

Page 52

• A testimonial ad features a typical consumer's successful product use.

  • Options: A. single message B. testimonial ad.

Page 53: Chapter 12

• Introduction to the concept of global elite reflecting shared values.

Page 54

• Luxury segments of global elites: A. Conspicuous Consumers B. Information Seekers.

  • Options: A. A and B.

Page 55

• Conspicuous Consumers love prestige brands.

  • Options: A. Conspicuous Consumers B. Information Seekers.

Page 56

• Michelle belongs to the global elite Fashionista segment.

  • Options: A. Fashionista.

Page 57

• Lifestyle defines outward self-concept expression.

  • Options: A. demographics B. lifestyle.

Page 58

• The individual's self-concept reflects thoughts and feelings about self.

  • Options: A. self-concept B. lifestyle.

Page 59

• Jennifer's totality of self-reflection signifies her self-concept.

  • Options: A. self-concept B. personal identity.

Page 60

• Dimensions of self-concept: actual, ideal, private, social.

  • Options: A. all of the above.

Page 61

• Actual self-concept perceives who I am now.

  • Options: A. actual self-concept.

Page 62

• Renee seeks understanding of her actual self-concept.

  • Options: A. actual self-concept.

Page 63

• The ideal self-concept reflects who one wants to be.

  • Options: A. ideal self-concept.

Page 64

• Charles examines his ideal self-concept.

  • Options: A. ideal self-concept.

Page 65

• The distinction between private and public self-concept is major in self-perception.

  • Options: A. private self-concept; public self-concept.

Page 66

• Kerri is searching for her ideal self-concept.

  • Options: A. ideal self-concept.

Page 67

• Independent self-concept emphasizes personal goals and achievements.

  • Options: A. independent self-concept.

Page 68

• Richard is exploring social self-concept.

  • Options: A. social self-concept.

Page 69

• Consumers possess independent and interdependent self-concept structures.

  • Options: A. independent; interdependent.

Page 70

• Independent self-concept favors personal characteristics and achievements.

  • Options: A. independent self-concept.

Page 71

• Interdependent self-concept encourages obedience and connections.

  • Options: A. interdependent self-concept.

Page 72

• Amber's individualism reflects her independent self-concept.

  • Options: A. independent self-concept.

Page 73

• Interdependent self-concept values family and cultural relationships.

  • Options: A. interdependent self-concept.

Page 74

• Barbara's actions depict an interdependent self-concept.

  • Options: A. interdependent self-concept.

Page 75

• Self-concept value differs across cultures; emphasis lies on independence vs interdependence.

  • Options: A. True.

Page 76

• The extended self represents self alongside possessions.

Page 77

• Carla's response after losing possessions reveals her extended self.

  • Options: A. extended self.

Page 78

• A peak experience results from intense joy and self-fulfillment.

  • Options: A. peak experience.

Page 79

• The most common self-concept measurement approach is semantic differential.

  • Options: A. semantic differential.

Page 80

• Brand engagement reflects how important brands are to a self-concept.

  • Options: A. brand engagement.

Page 81

• Semantic differentials are regular techniques for measuring self-concept.

  • Options: A. semantic differentials.

Page 82

• Mere ownership effect indicates owners perceive objects favorably.

  • Options: A. mere ownership effect.

Page 83

• 98% of women perceive beauty as falling short of the ideal.

  • Options: A. 98.

Page 84

• Self-image congruity influences depend on individual and product factors.

  • Options: A. A and B.

Page 85

• Self-image congruity is more significant for perfume than for products like laundry detergent.

  • Options: A. perfume.

Page 86

• Interdependents prioritize others' opinions and feelings.

  • Options: A. interdependents.

Page 87

• Erin exemplifies a high self-monitor concerning others’ perceptions.

  • Options: A. high self-monitor.

Page 88

• Low self-monitors do not weight others' opinions heavily.

Page 89

• Sam demonstrates attributes of a low self-monitor.

  • Options: A. low self-monitor.

Page 90

• Lifestyle results from one's manner of living.

  • Options: A. lifestyle.

Page 91

• Doers desire excitement and adventure through various activities.

  • Options: A. doers.

Page 92

• Interdependents focus on domestic activities, including family-centric tasks.

  • Options: A. interdependents.

Page 93

• Initial quantitative measures of lifestyle referred to as lifeographics.

  • Options: A. lifeographics.

Page 94

• Psychographic studies include attitudes, values, and interests.

  • Options: A. all of the above.

Page 95

• Carmen's psychographic study covers nonoccupational behaviors.

  • Options: A. nonoccupational behaviors.

Page 96

• Porsche owners’ lifestyle segments include Enthusiasts, Fast Forwards.

Page 97

• The Top Guns category is driven by power and visibility.

  • Options: A. Top Guns.

Page 98

• Rod's Porsche purchase is about self-reward.

  • Options: A. Proud Patrons.

Page 99

• Experian's technology profiles may include Wizards and Novices.

Page 100

• Wizards are driven by new technology's potential benefits.

  • Options: A. Wizards.

Page 101

• Enthusiasts do not form part of Experian's profiles.

  • Options: A. Enthusiasts.

Page 102

• Janice fits the Apprentices segment regarding technology.

  • Options: A. Apprentices.

Page 103

: Chapter 13

• Consumer decision-making process needs understanding of situation and consumer.

Page 104

• Factors influencing decisions include time, place, and situation.

Page 105

• Situational influences affects behavior triggered by specific conditions.

Page 106

• Understanding consumer behavior requires investigating situation and stimulus object.

Page 107

• Behavior factors related to consumption triggers are situation-specific.

Page 108

• Context of self-concept and involvement includes individual characteristics.

Page 109

• All of the following are situations: communications, purchase, usage, disposition situations.

Page 110

• All are consumer behavior situations involving communication and social factors.

Page 111

• Temporal perspective is a situational characteristic impacting decision-making.

Page 112

• Sharon's situation reflects the temporal perspective regarding her gift purchase.

Page 113

• Individual characteristics do not include task definition.

Page 114

• Among consumption responses, task definition is not included.

Page 115

• Marketing activities correlate with situational characteristics determining behavior.

Page 116

• Mark needs to factor social class and task definition into his marketing strategy.

Page 117

• Communications situation influences how consumers process information.

Page 118

• Placement of ads in suitable media enhances efficacy.

Page 119

• Marketers strive to shift usage perceptions to reach different consumer engagement times.

Page 120

• Expanded usage situation denotes finding additional uses for a product.

Page 121

• Advertisements for a diamond on the right hand focus on personal empowerment.

Page 122

• Disposition situation deals with how consumers dispose of products.

Page 123

• Transporting considerations impacts consumer disposition behavior significantly.

Page 124

• Marketers and government must consider disposition influences on consumer behavior.

Page 125

• Walker's situation features disposition, with old computers stored away.

Page 126

• Gertrude's stance showcases disposition situation regarding recycling.

Page 127

• Alternative evaluation is not a situational dimension affecting behavior.

Page 128

• Physical surroundings encompass appearances and experiences at retail establishments.

Page 129

• Unique shopping experiences in lifestyle centers constitute effective physical surroundings.

Page 130

• Retail atmosphere is summed up as store atmosphere.

Page 131

• Retail ambiance refers to physical features shaping customer experiences and connections.

Page 132

• Store atmosphere can alter consumers' judgments on quality based on ambiance.

Page 133

• Atmospherics is the manipulation of retail environments to influence mood responses.

Page 134

• Retail atmospherics pertains to managing shop environments for optimal consumer behavior.

Page 135

• Service environments refer to servicescape, creating special atmospheres for service interactions.

Page 136

• Banks are categorized under utilitarian service environments due to their nature.

Page 137

• Masage services are hedonic, aimed at self-indulgence and relaxation.

Page 138

• Cruises qualify as extended hedonic consumption experiences.

Page 139

• Colors, aromas, and lighting are critical components of the physical environment.

Page 140

• Red and yellow colors are deemed arousing for consumer engagement and experience.

Page 141

• The professional scenting industry utilizes ambient scents to elevate retail environments.

Page 142

• Music affects behavior by influencing moods and temporal perspectives.

Page 143

• Slow music in a restaurant prompts greater food purchases by patrons.

Page 144

• Crowding affects retailers positively but generally results in negative experiences for consumers.

Page 145

• Crowding usually produces negative outcomes for consumers.

Page 146

• Under crowded conditions, customers generally buy less and exhibit dissatisfaction.

Page 147

• In crowding scenarios consumers generally do not make faster decisions.

Page 148

• A conviction of confined feelings prompts familiar adaptive strategies.

Page 149

• Consumers within retail environments count as part of social surroundings.

Page 150

• Jessica's experience at Aeropostale is influenced by social surroundings of peers.

Page 151

• Consumers susceptible to interpersonal influence display a personality trait.

Page 152

• Social surroundings shape Mimi's decisions reflected through peer influence.

Page 153

• Embarrassment emerges due to discomfort with the context of the product.

Page 154

• Clara experiences embarrassment when purchasing personal items in front of a friend.

Page 155: Chapter 14

• Exploration of consumer problems evolving in the context of social media.

Page 156

• Problem recognition is the initial stage of the consumer decision process.

Page 157

• False statement regarding decisions: Consumers can encounter several problem types.

Page 158

• Varied consumer decision making includes nominal, limited, and extended decision-making processes.

Page 159

• Nominal decision making refers to routine purchases not requiring significant thought.

Page 160

• Limited decision-making includes evaluations conducted on simplified criteria.

Page 161

• High concern levels during purchases trigger personal involvement.

Page 162

• Blake's information search indicates high purchase involvement due to his situation.

Page 163

• Extensive purchase involvement provokes extended decision making over purchases.

Page 164

• Emma's quick gas station visit illustrates characteristics of low purchase involvement.

Page 165

• Limited decision making includes basic stages without complex evaluations.

Page 166

• Nominal decision making lacks alternative evaluations during purchases.

Page 167

• Limited decision making features only internal information search due to its simplicity.

Page 168

• Evaluations in limited decision making comprise limited attribute consideration.

Page 169

• There are comprehensive evaluations in extended decision making processes.

Page 170

• Nominal decision making can entail a lack of actual decision processes.

Page 171

• Routine purchases may closely relate to habitual decision making tactics.

Page 172

• Decision making involves considering what's plausible short of purchases.

Page 173

• Distinctions subdivide nominal decisions into brand loyalty and secondary purchases.

Page 174

• Brand loyal decisions reflect high product betrothal while not necessitating high involvement.

Page 175

• Brad’s Coke purchase exemplifies brand loyal decision making.

Page 176

• Decisions made with minimal importance represent indifferent decisions.

Page 177

• Rita's grocery choice of Blue Bell characterizes a repeat purchase decision.

Page 178

• Limited decision making encompasses simple decision rules and a smaller number of alternatives.

Page 179

• The mid-point between nominal and extensive decision making is referred to as limited decision making.

Page 180

• Modified decision making occurs through recognizing issues with several potential resolutions.

Page 181

• Marla’s phone replacement represents limited decision making with regard to choices.

Page 182

• Extensive decision making correlates with detailed evaluations and extensive information searches.

Page 183

• Olivia and parents’ extensive assessments relate to extended decision making regarding college selections.

Page 184

• Problem recognition occurs from the disparity between desired and actual state.

Page 185

• The situation of shampoo prompts problem recognition reflected in decision-making engagement.

Page 186

• A person’s perception of current feelings is its actual state.

Page 187

• Bessie’s awareness regarding shampoo mirrors her current state of mind.

Page 188

• A person's aspirations outline the desired state reflective of their future intentions.

Page 189

• Candice's desire reflects her ideal state indicating a weight loss goal.

Page 190

• Problem recognition requires a discrepancy for engagement with decision processes.

Page 191

• Drive behind recognition corresponds to an individual's perception of reality.

Page 192

• Motivational power behind problem recognition comprises the levels of discrepancies.

Page 193

• Relative importance of problems relates to the criticality concerning desired lifestyle.

Page 194

• Consumer problems vary between latent and manifest dimensions.

Page 195

• Manifest problems present awareness to consumers leading to resolution contemplation.

Page 196

• Elderly arthritis may showcase a manifest problem in physical health.

Page 197

• Latent problems represent issues unnoticed by consumers needing resolution.

Page 198

• The Martins' radon issue illustrates a latent consumer problem.

Page 199

• Active consumer problems require acknowledgment for resolution consideration.

Page 200

• Nonmarketing factors driving problems include social status and past choices.

Page 201

• The culture and normal depletion impact desired states significantly.

Page 202

• Nonmarketing factors modifying desired states include financial status.

Page 203

• Influencing actual state realignment could also derive from past decisions.

Page 204

• Nonmarketing factors that impact actual states could be product performance.

Page 205

• Research implies variety-seeking behavior leads to return tendencies in selection habits.

Page 206

• Consumers experiencing choice overload may lead to analysis paralysis.

Page 207

• Marketers addressing overload aims for heuristics helping ease decisions.

Page 208

• Overcoming overload requires simplifying options rather than expanding them.

Page 209

• Evaluative alternatives are swayed by criteria importance and rules applied.

Page 210

• Rationality theory often does not hold true as consumers are limited by circumstances.

Page 211

• Attribute-based choice demands knowledge of specific attributes during evaluation.

Page 212

• Bounded rationality encapsulates the limited processing ability of information.

Page 213

• The limited processing capacity characterized by Duane is bounded rationality.

Page 214

• A metagoal refers to the overall nature of outcomes sought during consumer decision-making.

Page 215

• Examples of consumer aims include minimizing effort and justifying decisions.

Page 216

• Limited information processing capability is exemplified through bounded rationality.

Page 217

• Types of consumer choice processes include: affective, attitude-based, and attribute-based choices.

Page 218

• Others do not involve a typical categorization within consumer choice processes.

Page 219

• Affective choice emphasizes an overall consideration rather than attribute evaluation.

Page 220

• Amy’s dress selection was driven by her visual affective choices.

Page 221

• Choice motives generally reflect consummatory motives wanting intrinsic satisfaction.

Page 222

• Instrumental motives inspire actions for additional goals beyond intrinsic engagement.

Page 223

• Pamela finds therapy within her sewing endeavors, characterizing consummatory motives.

Page 224

• Affective motives underpin consumer decisions linked to immediate rewards.

Page 225

• Hannah seeks brand influence based on peer approval, indicating social engagement motives.

Page 226

• Consumers engaging in attribute-based choice conduct attribute comparisons during purchases.

Page 227

• Joseph's evaluation of brands through price and attributes reflects attribute-based choices.

Page 228

• Affective choice, summarized through summary impressions rather than strict attributes.

Page 229

• Bobbie's disciplinary brand loyalty results in her opting for a no-comparison choice.

Page 230

• Consumer decisions evolve with motivation, situational factors, and information access influencing choices.

Page 231

• Evaluative criteria define features or attributes expected to address consumer problems.

Page 232

• Price and quality reflect Nancy's established evaluative criteria for major purchases.

Page 233

• Evaluative criteria can differ in type, number, and importance.

Page 234

• Evaluative criteria variations exclude nothing as they adjust across types and importance.

Page 235

• Evaluative criteria categories divide into primary and secondary definitions.

Page 236

• Cost features represent tangible evaluative criteria aligned to explicit attributes.

Page 237

• Screen size, battery life, and price align Andrew's benchmarks against tangible evaluative criteria*.

Page 238

• Intangible criteria capture aspects like brand image, style, and emotional appeal.

Page 239

• Samantha's strategic emotional syllabus of car selection equates to intangible criteria.

Page 240

• Marketing strategy formation relies on understanding consumer perceptions and evaluative criteria.

Page 241

• No new factors beyond already known criteria impact marketing strategy development.

Page 242

• Methods to unveil consumer criteria entail primary and secondary measurement techniques.

Page 243

• Direct measures gauge how buyers utilize criteria during acquisitions.

Page 244

• Chaz’s storytelling represents direct inquiry processes gathering evaluative criteria.

Page 245

• Indirect techniques unveil customer criteria through inferred understanding.

Page 246

• Projective techniques examine how respondents simulate evaluative formulations.

Page 247

• Survey techniques invite consumers to outline external qualifications during decisions.

Page 248

• Projective techniques investigate perceptions based on external evaluative frameworks.

Page 249

• Brand similarity analysis clarifies consumer preferences through perceptual mapping.

Page 250

• Ranking similarity among brands manifests perceptual mapping as a tool for preference understanding.

Page 251

• Information derived through mapping can reveal how brands position relative to criteria.

Page 252

• Ranking recognition methods are set as semantic differential scales for evaluations.

Page 253

• Relative importance of criteria utilizes Likert scales as the standard approach.

Page 254

• Popular conjoint analysis forms the foundation for indirect measurement strategies.

Page 255

• Ranks across alternatives define a conjoint analysis lookup of preference inquiries.

Page 256

• Jamie’s experience with device evaluation comprises conjoint analysis methods.