Review Final - CB
Page 1: Review Final
Review and consolidation of chapter content for exam preparation.
Page 2: Chapter 11 Attitudes and Influencing Attitudes
Overview of the chapter discussing how attitudes are formed and their influence on consumer behavior.
Page 3
Definition of attitude: A learned predisposition to respond in a consistently favorable or unfavorable manner toward a given object.
Options: A. belief B. emotion C. attitude C. cognition D. attribute
Page 4
Example illustrating how a learned predisposition (attitude) affects perception: Caleb learned littering is bad, thus dislikes those who litter.
Represents his attitude.
Page 5
Example of a feature belief: Quaker Oats contains zero sodium.
Options: A. conspicuous belief B. benefit belief C. dominant belief D. feature belief E. inherent belief.
Page 6
Marketers must promote benefits rather than features for less knowledgeable consumers and complex products.
Options: A. features; benefits B. benefits; avoidance C. benefits; features.
Page 7
Component of attitudes: Cognitive consisting of a consumer's beliefs about an object.
Options: A. affective B. cognitive C. factual D. behavioral E. utilitarian.
Page 8
Mitch's belief in Toyota’s reliability represents the cognitive component of his attitude.
Options: A. affective B. cognitive C. factual D. behavioral E. utilitarian.
Page 9
Understanding the cognitive component of attitude uses the multiattribute attitude model.
Options: A. attribution theory B. cognitive dissonance theory C. multiattribute attitude model D. attitude consistency theory.
Page 10
Components of a multiattribute model include: A consumer's attitude toward a brand, beliefs about performance, and importance attached.
Options: A. attitude toward brand B. belief about performance C. importance attached D. consumer's ideal level E. all of the above.
Page 11
Duane is using a multiattribute attitude model.
He totals scores on attributes like price, quality, etc.
Options: A. multiattribute attitude model B. cognitive assessment model C. belief assessment model.
Page 12
Consumers allocate points among attitude components indicating importance and it is known as rank-order scale.
A. perceptual mapping B. Likert scale C. semantic differential scale D. rank-order scale E. none of the above.
Page 13
Ideal performance level index in multiattribute models is generally 100.
A. 0 B. 25 C. 50 D. 100 E. over 100.
Page 14
Affective component of an attitude reflects feelings or emotional reactions to an object.
Options: A. knowledge B. cognitive C. affective D. behavioral E. orientation.
Page 15
Kimberly-Clark's interest in mothers' emotional response to Huggies focuses on the affective component of attitude.
Options: A. knowledge B. cognitive C. affective D. behavioral E. orientation.
Page 16
Janice's uncertainty about liking a painting illustrates the affective component.
Options: A. cognitive B. affective C. behavioral D. latent E. manifest.
Page 17
Nike integrates aesthetic appeal appealing to consumers' feelings and functionality.
Options: A. aesthetic appeal B. aspirational appeal C. benefit appeal D. social appeal E. personality appeal.
Page 18
The SAM assesses consumers' affective component.
Options: A. cognitive B. affective C. behavioral D. orientation E. personality.
Page 19
SAM and AdSAM are effective across cultures due to pictorial representations that do not require translation.
Options: A. pictorial B. numerical C. emotions D. attitudes.
Page 20
The behavioral component indicates a tendency to respond positively or negatively towards an object.
Options: A. cognitive B. affective C. behavioral D. orientation E. personality.
Page 21
Actual behaviors are measured primarily through direct questioning.
Options: A. physiological measures B. multiattribute models C. SAM and adSAM D. direct questioning E. constant-sum scales.
Page 22
Attitude component consistency implies changes in one component affect others.
Options: A. All change B. One change produces related changes C. operate independently.
Page 23
Factors causing inconsistencies in beliefs and behaviors: lack of need, situational factors, interpersonal influence.
Options: A. lack of need B. failure to consider relative attitudes C. all of the above.
Page 24
Factors NOT causing inconsistencies: lack of ability.
Options: A. lack of need B. lack of ability C. weakly held affect.
Page 25
Madeline's simultaneous positive and negative views on Regular Coke illustrate an ambivalent attitude.
Options: A. relative attitude B. lack of ability C. ambivalent attitude.
Page 26
Attitude components are generally consistent.
Options: A. inconsistent B. consistent C. irregular.
Page 27
Strategies for changing cognitive components: change beliefs, shift importance, add beliefs, change ideals.
Options: A. change beliefs B. shift importance C. add beliefs D. change ideal E. all of the above.
Page 28
Changing attitudes on American cars requires changing beliefs due to historical perceptions.
Options: A. change beliefs B. shift importance C. add beliefs.
Page 29
Pepsi adding a freshness date aims to add beliefs in the cognitive structure.
Options: A. change beliefs B. shift importance C. add beliefs.
Page 30
Approaches to enhance consumer’s affect: classical conditioning, positive affect towards ads, mere exposure.
Options: A. classical conditioning B. create a positive affect C. mere exposure D. all of the above.
Page 31
Enhancing positive attitudes through positive music in advertisements is appropriate for restaurants.
Options: A. Change beliefs B. Use positive music C. Convince consumers about strong attributes.
Page 32
Mere exposure makes individuals more positive towards a brand after repeated viewings.
Options: A. mere exposure B. familiarity effect.
Page 33
Mere exposure enhances attitudes through familiarity.
Options: A. changes beliefs B. adds beliefs C. through familiarity.
Page 34
Affect, emotions, and Aad play a role in hedonic products.
Options: A. durable products B. hedonic products.
Page 35
Online marketers simulate touch through enhanced content.
Options: A. simulated experience B. virtual experience C. enhanced content.
Page 36
Changing behaviors before affect or cognition is based on classical conditioning.
Options: A. classical conditioning B. operant conditioning.
Page 37
Common techniques to induce trial behaviors include: coupons, free samples.
Options: A. coupons B. free samples C. all of the above.
Page 38
Factors affecting attitude change: program context, viewer distraction, buying occasion.
Options: A. program context B. viewer distraction C. A and B.
Page 39
The theory of reasoned action explains how attitudes form and change.
Options: A. cognitive dissonance theory B. reasoned action C. elaboration likelihood model.
Page 40
The elaboration likelihood model features central and peripheral routes to persuasion.
Options: A. primary and secondary routes B. central and peripheral routes.
Page 41
Carissa's car purchase decision is likely influenced by the central route.
Options: A. primary route B. central route C. peripheral route.
Page 42
The central route to persuasion facilitates consumer's high involvement and belief alteration.
Options: A. operates through classical conditioning B. alters beliefs.
Page 43
Dana's positive reaction from a commercial is influenced by the peripheral route.
Options: A. primary route B. peripheral route.
Page 44
Central route-formed attitudes are typically stronger and more resistant to persuasion.
Options: A. stronger B. more predictive of behavior.
Page 45
Addison should encourage the central route to strengthen attitudes.
Options: A. primary route B. central route.
Page 46
The first strategy a loyal consumer uses against negative brand information is discrediting.
Options: A. avoiding B. discrediting C. discounting.
Page 47
Consumers use discounting to protect their brand from negative attributes.
Options: A. avoiding B. discrediting.
Page 48
Loyal consumers use containment to quarantine negative information.
Options: A. avoiding B. containment.
Page 49
The source of a communication represents who delivers the message.
Options: A. how B. who C. what.
Page 50
Source credibility entails reliability and expertise in a communication.
Options: A. message appeal B. source credibility.
Page 51
Dr. Rosenfeld's source credibility comes from expertise in healthcare.
Options: A. source credibility B. source derogation.
Page 52
A testimonial ad features a typical consumer's successful product use.
Options: A. single message B. testimonial ad.
Page 53: Chapter 12
Introduction to the concept of global elite reflecting shared values.
Page 54
Luxury segments of global elites: A. Conspicuous Consumers B. Information Seekers.
Options: A. A and B.
Page 55
Conspicuous Consumers love prestige brands.
Options: A. Conspicuous Consumers B. Information Seekers.
Page 56
Michelle belongs to the global elite Fashionista segment.
Options: A. Fashionista.
Page 57
Lifestyle defines outward self-concept expression.
Options: A. demographics B. lifestyle.
Page 58
The individual's self-concept reflects thoughts and feelings about self.
Options: A. self-concept B. lifestyle.
Page 59
Jennifer's totality of self-reflection signifies her self-concept.
Options: A. self-concept B. personal identity.
Page 60
Dimensions of self-concept: actual, ideal, private, social.
Options: A. all of the above.
Page 61
Actual self-concept perceives who I am now.
Options: A. actual self-concept.
Page 62
Renee seeks understanding of her actual self-concept.
Options: A. actual self-concept.
Page 63
The ideal self-concept reflects who one wants to be.
Options: A. ideal self-concept.
Page 64
Charles examines his ideal self-concept.
Options: A. ideal self-concept.
Page 65
The distinction between private and public self-concept is major in self-perception.
Options: A. private self-concept; public self-concept.
Page 66
Kerri is searching for her ideal self-concept.
Options: A. ideal self-concept.
Page 67
Independent self-concept emphasizes personal goals and achievements.
Options: A. independent self-concept.
Page 68
Richard is exploring social self-concept.
Options: A. social self-concept.
Page 69
Consumers possess independent and interdependent self-concept structures.
Options: A. independent; interdependent.
Page 70
Independent self-concept favors personal characteristics and achievements.
Options: A. independent self-concept.
Page 71
Interdependent self-concept encourages obedience and connections.
Options: A. interdependent self-concept.
Page 72
Amber's individualism reflects her independent self-concept.
Options: A. independent self-concept.
Page 73
Interdependent self-concept values family and cultural relationships.
Options: A. interdependent self-concept.
Page 74
Barbara's actions depict an interdependent self-concept.
Options: A. interdependent self-concept.
Page 75
Self-concept value differs across cultures; emphasis lies on independence vs interdependence.
Options: A. True.
Page 76
The extended self represents self alongside possessions.
Page 77
Carla's response after losing possessions reveals her extended self.
Options: A. extended self.
Page 78
A peak experience results from intense joy and self-fulfillment.
Options: A. peak experience.
Page 79
The most common self-concept measurement approach is semantic differential.
Options: A. semantic differential.
Page 80
Brand engagement reflects how important brands are to a self-concept.
Options: A. brand engagement.
Page 81
Semantic differentials are regular techniques for measuring self-concept.
Options: A. semantic differentials.
Page 82
Mere ownership effect indicates owners perceive objects favorably.
Options: A. mere ownership effect.
Page 83
98% of women perceive beauty as falling short of the ideal.
Options: A. 98.
Page 84
Self-image congruity influences depend on individual and product factors.
Options: A. A and B.
Page 85
Self-image congruity is more significant for perfume than for products like laundry detergent.
Options: A. perfume.
Page 86
Interdependents prioritize others' opinions and feelings.
Options: A. interdependents.
Page 87
Erin exemplifies a high self-monitor concerning others’ perceptions.
Options: A. high self-monitor.
Page 88
Low self-monitors do not weight others' opinions heavily.
Page 89
Sam demonstrates attributes of a low self-monitor.
Options: A. low self-monitor.
Page 90
Lifestyle results from one's manner of living.
Options: A. lifestyle.
Page 91
Doers desire excitement and adventure through various activities.
Options: A. doers.
Page 92
Interdependents focus on domestic activities, including family-centric tasks.
Options: A. interdependents.
Page 93
Initial quantitative measures of lifestyle referred to as lifeographics.
Options: A. lifeographics.
Page 94
Psychographic studies include attitudes, values, and interests.
Options: A. all of the above.
Page 95
Carmen's psychographic study covers nonoccupational behaviors.
Options: A. nonoccupational behaviors.
Page 96
Porsche owners’ lifestyle segments include Enthusiasts, Fast Forwards.
Page 97
The Top Guns category is driven by power and visibility.
Options: A. Top Guns.
Page 98
Rod's Porsche purchase is about self-reward.
Options: A. Proud Patrons.
Page 99
Experian's technology profiles may include Wizards and Novices.
Page 100
Wizards are driven by new technology's potential benefits.
Options: A. Wizards.
Page 101
Enthusiasts do not form part of Experian's profiles.
Options: A. Enthusiasts.
Page 102
Janice fits the Apprentices segment regarding technology.
Options: A. Apprentices.
Page 103
: Chapter 13
Consumer decision-making process needs understanding of situation and consumer.
Page 104
Factors influencing decisions include time, place, and situation.
Page 105
Situational influences affects behavior triggered by specific conditions.
Page 106
Understanding consumer behavior requires investigating situation and stimulus object.
Page 107
Behavior factors related to consumption triggers are situation-specific.
Page 108
Context of self-concept and involvement includes individual characteristics.
Page 109
All of the following are situations: communications, purchase, usage, disposition situations.
Page 110
All are consumer behavior situations involving communication and social factors.
Page 111
Temporal perspective is a situational characteristic impacting decision-making.
Page 112
Sharon's situation reflects the temporal perspective regarding her gift purchase.
Page 113
Individual characteristics do not include task definition.
Page 114
Among consumption responses, task definition is not included.
Page 115
Marketing activities correlate with situational characteristics determining behavior.
Page 116
Mark needs to factor social class and task definition into his marketing strategy.
Page 117
Communications situation influences how consumers process information.
Page 118
Placement of ads in suitable media enhances efficacy.
Page 119
Marketers strive to shift usage perceptions to reach different consumer engagement times.
Page 120
Expanded usage situation denotes finding additional uses for a product.
Page 121
Advertisements for a diamond on the right hand focus on personal empowerment.
Page 122
Disposition situation deals with how consumers dispose of products.
Page 123
Transporting considerations impacts consumer disposition behavior significantly.
Page 124
Marketers and government must consider disposition influences on consumer behavior.
Page 125
Walker's situation features disposition, with old computers stored away.
Page 126
Gertrude's stance showcases disposition situation regarding recycling.
Page 127
Alternative evaluation is not a situational dimension affecting behavior.
Page 128
Physical surroundings encompass appearances and experiences at retail establishments.
Page 129
Unique shopping experiences in lifestyle centers constitute effective physical surroundings.
Page 130
Retail atmosphere is summed up as store atmosphere.
Page 131
Retail ambiance refers to physical features shaping customer experiences and connections.
Page 132
Store atmosphere can alter consumers' judgments on quality based on ambiance.
Page 133
Atmospherics is the manipulation of retail environments to influence mood responses.
Page 134
Retail atmospherics pertains to managing shop environments for optimal consumer behavior.
Page 135
Service environments refer to servicescape, creating special atmospheres for service interactions.
Page 136
Banks are categorized under utilitarian service environments due to their nature.
Page 137
Masage services are hedonic, aimed at self-indulgence and relaxation.
Page 138
Cruises qualify as extended hedonic consumption experiences.
Page 139
Colors, aromas, and lighting are critical components of the physical environment.
Page 140
Red and yellow colors are deemed arousing for consumer engagement and experience.
Page 141
The professional scenting industry utilizes ambient scents to elevate retail environments.
Page 142
Music affects behavior by influencing moods and temporal perspectives.
Page 143
Slow music in a restaurant prompts greater food purchases by patrons.
Page 144
Crowding affects retailers positively but generally results in negative experiences for consumers.
Page 145
Crowding usually produces negative outcomes for consumers.
Page 146
Under crowded conditions, customers generally buy less and exhibit dissatisfaction.
Page 147
In crowding scenarios consumers generally do not make faster decisions.
Page 148
A conviction of confined feelings prompts familiar adaptive strategies.
Page 149
Consumers within retail environments count as part of social surroundings.
Page 150
Jessica's experience at Aeropostale is influenced by social surroundings of peers.
Page 151
Consumers susceptible to interpersonal influence display a personality trait.
Page 152
Social surroundings shape Mimi's decisions reflected through peer influence.
Page 153
Embarrassment emerges due to discomfort with the context of the product.
Page 154
Clara experiences embarrassment when purchasing personal items in front of a friend.
Page 155: Chapter 14
Exploration of consumer problems evolving in the context of social media.
Page 156
Problem recognition is the initial stage of the consumer decision process.
Page 157
False statement regarding decisions: Consumers can encounter several problem types.
Page 158
Varied consumer decision making includes nominal, limited, and extended decision-making processes.
Page 159
Nominal decision making refers to routine purchases not requiring significant thought.
Page 160
Limited decision-making includes evaluations conducted on simplified criteria.
Page 161
High concern levels during purchases trigger personal involvement.
Page 162
Blake's information search indicates high purchase involvement due to his situation.
Page 163
Extensive purchase involvement provokes extended decision making over purchases.
Page 164
Emma's quick gas station visit illustrates characteristics of low purchase involvement.
Page 165
Limited decision making includes basic stages without complex evaluations.
Page 166
Nominal decision making lacks alternative evaluations during purchases.
Page 167
Limited decision making features only internal information search due to its simplicity.
Page 168
Evaluations in limited decision making comprise limited attribute consideration.
Page 169
There are comprehensive evaluations in extended decision making processes.
Page 170
Nominal decision making can entail a lack of actual decision processes.
Page 171
Routine purchases may closely relate to habitual decision making tactics.
Page 172
Decision making involves considering what's plausible short of purchases.
Page 173
Distinctions subdivide nominal decisions into brand loyalty and secondary purchases.
Page 174
Brand loyal decisions reflect high product betrothal while not necessitating high involvement.
Page 175
Brad’s Coke purchase exemplifies brand loyal decision making.
Page 176
Decisions made with minimal importance represent indifferent decisions.
Page 177
Rita's grocery choice of Blue Bell characterizes a repeat purchase decision.
Page 178
Limited decision making encompasses simple decision rules and a smaller number of alternatives.
Page 179
The mid-point between nominal and extensive decision making is referred to as limited decision making.
Page 180
Modified decision making occurs through recognizing issues with several potential resolutions.
Page 181
Marla’s phone replacement represents limited decision making with regard to choices.
Page 182
Extensive decision making correlates with detailed evaluations and extensive information searches.
Page 183
Olivia and parents’ extensive assessments relate to extended decision making regarding college selections.
Page 184
Problem recognition occurs from the disparity between desired and actual state.
Page 185
The situation of shampoo prompts problem recognition reflected in decision-making engagement.
Page 186
A person’s perception of current feelings is its actual state.
Page 187
Bessie’s awareness regarding shampoo mirrors her current state of mind.
Page 188
A person's aspirations outline the desired state reflective of their future intentions.
Page 189
Candice's desire reflects her ideal state indicating a weight loss goal.
Page 190
Problem recognition requires a discrepancy for engagement with decision processes.
Page 191
Drive behind recognition corresponds to an individual's perception of reality.
Page 192
Motivational power behind problem recognition comprises the levels of discrepancies.
Page 193
Relative importance of problems relates to the criticality concerning desired lifestyle.
Page 194
Consumer problems vary between latent and manifest dimensions.
Page 195
Manifest problems present awareness to consumers leading to resolution contemplation.
Page 196
Elderly arthritis may showcase a manifest problem in physical health.
Page 197
Latent problems represent issues unnoticed by consumers needing resolution.
Page 198
The Martins' radon issue illustrates a latent consumer problem.
Page 199
Active consumer problems require acknowledgment for resolution consideration.
Page 200
Nonmarketing factors driving problems include social status and past choices.
Page 201
The culture and normal depletion impact desired states significantly.
Page 202
Nonmarketing factors modifying desired states include financial status.
Page 203
Influencing actual state realignment could also derive from past decisions.
Page 204
Nonmarketing factors that impact actual states could be product performance.
Page 205
Research implies variety-seeking behavior leads to return tendencies in selection habits.
Page 206
Consumers experiencing choice overload may lead to analysis paralysis.
Page 207
Marketers addressing overload aims for heuristics helping ease decisions.
Page 208
Overcoming overload requires simplifying options rather than expanding them.
Page 209
Evaluative alternatives are swayed by criteria importance and rules applied.
Page 210
Rationality theory often does not hold true as consumers are limited by circumstances.
Page 211
Attribute-based choice demands knowledge of specific attributes during evaluation.
Page 212
Bounded rationality encapsulates the limited processing ability of information.
Page 213
The limited processing capacity characterized by Duane is bounded rationality.
Page 214
A metagoal refers to the overall nature of outcomes sought during consumer decision-making.
Page 215
Examples of consumer aims include minimizing effort and justifying decisions.
Page 216
Limited information processing capability is exemplified through bounded rationality.
Page 217
Types of consumer choice processes include: affective, attitude-based, and attribute-based choices.
Page 218
Others do not involve a typical categorization within consumer choice processes.
Page 219
Affective choice emphasizes an overall consideration rather than attribute evaluation.
Page 220
Amy’s dress selection was driven by her visual affective choices.
Page 221
Choice motives generally reflect consummatory motives wanting intrinsic satisfaction.
Page 222
Instrumental motives inspire actions for additional goals beyond intrinsic engagement.
Page 223
Pamela finds therapy within her sewing endeavors, characterizing consummatory motives.
Page 224
Affective motives underpin consumer decisions linked to immediate rewards.
Page 225
Hannah seeks brand influence based on peer approval, indicating social engagement motives.
Page 226
Consumers engaging in attribute-based choice conduct attribute comparisons during purchases.
Page 227
Joseph's evaluation of brands through price and attributes reflects attribute-based choices.
Page 228
Affective choice, summarized through summary impressions rather than strict attributes.
Page 229
Bobbie's disciplinary brand loyalty results in her opting for a no-comparison choice.
Page 230
Consumer decisions evolve with motivation, situational factors, and information access influencing choices.
Page 231
Evaluative criteria define features or attributes expected to address consumer problems.
Page 232
Price and quality reflect Nancy's established evaluative criteria for major purchases.
Page 233
Evaluative criteria can differ in type, number, and importance.
Page 234
Evaluative criteria variations exclude nothing as they adjust across types and importance.
Page 235
Evaluative criteria categories divide into primary and secondary definitions.
Page 236
Cost features represent tangible evaluative criteria aligned to explicit attributes.
Page 237
Screen size, battery life, and price align Andrew's benchmarks against tangible evaluative criteria*.
Page 238
Intangible criteria capture aspects like brand image, style, and emotional appeal.
Page 239
Samantha's strategic emotional syllabus of car selection equates to intangible criteria.
Page 240
Marketing strategy formation relies on understanding consumer perceptions and evaluative criteria.
Page 241
No new factors beyond already known criteria impact marketing strategy development.
Page 242
Methods to unveil consumer criteria entail primary and secondary measurement techniques.
Page 243
Direct measures gauge how buyers utilize criteria during acquisitions.
Page 244
Chaz’s storytelling represents direct inquiry processes gathering evaluative criteria.
Page 245
Indirect techniques unveil customer criteria through inferred understanding.
Page 246
Projective techniques examine how respondents simulate evaluative formulations.
Page 247
Survey techniques invite consumers to outline external qualifications during decisions.
Page 248
Projective techniques investigate perceptions based on external evaluative frameworks.
Page 249
Brand similarity analysis clarifies consumer preferences through perceptual mapping.
Page 250
Ranking similarity among brands manifests perceptual mapping as a tool for preference understanding.
Page 251
Information derived through mapping can reveal how brands position relative to criteria.
Page 252
Ranking recognition methods are set as semantic differential scales for evaluations.
Page 253
Relative importance of criteria utilizes Likert scales as the standard approach.
Page 254
Popular conjoint analysis forms the foundation for indirect measurement strategies.
Page 255
Ranks across alternatives define a conjoint analysis lookup of preference inquiries.
Page 256
Jamie’s experience with device evaluation comprises conjoint analysis methods.