Ch 6 and 16 Oncology and Mucoluskeletal

Tumors and Their Classification

Definition of Tumors

• Abnormal growths of tissue due to uncontrolled cell division.

• Causes: genetic mutations, cellular signaling errors, environmental factors.

• Vary in biological behavior, aggressiveness, and treatment responses.

Benign vs. Malignant Tumors

Benign Tumors

• Description: Non-cancerous, localized, do not invade surrounding tissues or metastasize.

• Characteristics: Slow-growing, well-circumscribed, typically clear boundaries, may cause discomfort if they compress adjacent structures.

• Examples:

  • Lipoma (fatty tumor) on a dog's chest.

  • Fibroma (benign fibrous connective tissue tumor).

Malignant Tumors

• Description: Cancerous, potential to invade tissues and metastasize, contributing to severe health complications.

• Characteristics: Rapid growth, poorly defined borders, may cause systemic symptoms like fever and fatigue.

• Example: Tumor initially concerning but confirmed benign after investigation.

Signs and Symptoms of Tumors

• New or changing moles or freckles may indicate melanoma.

• Persistent cough or hoarseness can suggest lung tumors.

• Unexplained weight loss, fever, night sweats may signal malignancy.

• Physical exams may reveal swelling or masses; assessment includes tenderness and mobility.

• Distinction between soft tissue and bone tumors is crucial.

Tumor Treatment Options

Surgical Interventions

• Wide Excision: Removal of tumor with surrounding normal tissue to minimize recurrence risk.

• Amputation: Necessary for extensive tumors.

• Rotationplasty: Removes part of affected bone, repositions remaining bone for better functionality.

Importance of Monitoring and Follow-Up Care

• Evaluation for Recurrence: Regular monitoring is essential post-surgery.

• History Consideration: Personal and family cancer history helps assess risks.

• Patient Communication: Sensitivity in discussing diagnoses to prevent undue panic.

• Rehabilitation Needs: Focus on neuromuscular re-education post-surgery to optimize recovery.

Personal Reflections on Cancer

• Sharing personal experiences highlights genetic predispositions.

• Preventative measures include lifestyle modifications: regular skin protection, healthy diet, limiting tanning bed exposure.