Ch 6 and 16 Oncology and Mucoluskeletal

Tumors and Their Classification

Definition of Tumors

  • Abnormal growths of tissue due to uncontrolled cell division.

  • Causes: genetic mutations, cellular signaling errors, environmental factors.

  • Vary in biological behavior, aggressiveness, and treatment responses.

Benign vs. Malignant Tumors

Benign Tumors

  • Description: Non-cancerous, localized, do not invade surrounding tissues or metastasize.

  • Characteristics: Slow-growing, well-circumscribed, typically clear boundaries, may cause discomfort if they compress adjacent structures.

  • Examples:

    • Lipoma (fatty tumor) on a dog's chest.

    • Fibroma (benign fibrous connective tissue tumor).

Malignant Tumors

  • Description: Cancerous, potential to invade tissues and metastasize, contributing to severe health complications.

  • Characteristics: Rapid growth, poorly defined borders, may cause systemic symptoms like fever and fatigue.

  • Example: Tumor initially concerning but confirmed benign after investigation.

Signs and Symptoms of Tumors

  • New or changing moles or freckles may indicate melanoma.

  • Persistent cough or hoarseness can suggest lung tumors.

  • Unexplained weight loss, fever, night sweats may signal malignancy.

  • Physical exams may reveal swelling or masses; assessment includes tenderness and mobility.

  • Distinction between soft tissue and bone tumors is crucial.

Tumor Treatment Options

Surgical Interventions

  • Wide Excision: Removal of tumor with surrounding normal tissue to minimize recurrence risk.

  • Amputation: Necessary for extensive tumors.

  • Rotationplasty: Removes part of affected bone, repositions remaining bone for better functionality.

Importance of Monitoring and Follow-Up Care

  • Evaluation for Recurrence: Regular monitoring is essential post-surgery.

  • History Consideration: Personal and family cancer history helps assess risks.

  • Patient Communication: Sensitivity in discussing diagnoses to prevent undue panic.

  • Rehabilitation Needs: Focus on neuromuscular re-education post-surgery to optimize recovery.

Personal Reflections on Cancer

  • Sharing personal experiences highlights genetic predispositions.

  • Preventative measures include lifestyle modifications: regular skin protection, healthy diet, limiting tanning bed exposure.