Untitled Flashcards Set

Decline of the Qing Dynasty

1.     What caused the Opium Wars?

Britain smuggling opium from India to china. The Chinese destroyed British shipments of opium. 

2.     What are the effects of the Opium Wars?

Unequal treaties - Treaty of Nanjing

Pay money

3.     What is the result of the treaty of Nanjing?

Hong Kong is given to the British

Britain has free open access to trade in China

Extraterritoriality 

Spheres of influence

4.     Define Extraterritoriality

Westerners accused of a crime can be tried by home laws in court

5.     Explain the concept: Spheres of Influence.

Land in China controlled by western powers to get resources and political power

6.     What are the outcomes of the Sino-Japanese War?

Japan gets Taiwan and control over Korea.

7.     What is the Open Door Policy? Was it effective?

All nations could have access to trade in China. It works.

8.     Who led the Taiping Rebellion? What was his goal?

Peasants. Goal is to overthrow the Qing dynasty, set a brand new society without social classes.

Not successful

9. What kinds of reforms did the Qing dynasty implement after the Taiping Rebellion?

Updated civil service exam, send young men to study abroad, add new technology/modernize

10.  Who was against the reforms? Why?

Empress dowager Cixi. Thought it would destabilize the empire

11.  What are the beliefs of the members in the Boxer Rebellion?  WHY?

Expel european powers. 

12.  What do the Boxers do? How are they stopped?

Tax foreigners and Chinese christians and foreign ambassadors. International army stop them

13.  What is the result of the Boxer Rebellion?

China must allow foreign troops into the country.

14.  Who is the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty?

Puyi

The Republic

1. What is the name of the Nationalist party in China?

 Guomindang

2. Who is the leader of the Nationalist Party?

 Sun Yatsen

3.     What are Sun Yatsen’s 3 principles of the people?

Nationalism, democracy, livelihood

4.     Who is Chiang Kai Shek?

Military general that was left in charge by Sun Yatsen

5.     What 2 parties does the National party split into?

Communism, Nationalism

6.     How does Chaing Kai Shek react to the communists in the Nationalist party?

Expels them from the party and starts the long march

7.     What is the Long March?

Chase communists around China

8.     Who becomes a leader of the communists on the long march?

Mao Zedong

9.     How does China become split between the two parties? Where does each party end up?

Guomindang and communists

Communists - north

Guomindang - south

10.  What did Japan do in 1931? What is the outcome of this action?

Japan invades through Manchuria

Set up Manchukuo and colonies

Civil War

1.     Who is on the Nationalist side? Who is on the Communist side?

Mao Zedong - Communist

Chiang kai shek - Nationalist

2.     Why did Communism “win” in China? (What was the appeal?)

Mao promised many things that appealed to peasants. Peasants were 80-90% of the population. Guomindang was pushed to Taiwan.

3.     Who did Mao get his ideas from? What were those ideas?

Carl Marks

No social classes

No private property or ownership of business

Early Communism ( 1945-1949: 1st Communist Revolution, and Mao’s Great Leap Forward 1950’s and 1960’s)

1.     Who does Mao want to carry out the revolution?

Proletariat - peasants and factory workers

2. What political changes do the communists make to China?

People's liberation army

Created congress

Created constitution

3.     What is a totalitarian state?

When the government controls every aspect of the people’s lives

4.     What is the “little red book”?

A book of Mao’s thoughts, preaches, speeches, and sayings

You were supposed to learn from it

Carry it around

5.     What types of ideas does Mao support through the use of propaganda?

Deifying Mao

Encouraging people to enlist

Highlight the Proletariat

6.     How does Mao make land reforms?

Took land from large owners and redistributed it

7.     What is a collective farm?

Land where a group of people all farm together

Land is owned by the state

Peasants are happy with this scenario

8.     What is the Great Leap Forward? (2 parts)

In 2 weeks, double production

9.     What are the effects of the commune system?

Split up families to work on different parts of farms. Peasants did not like this but they liked the great leap

Great leap forward: 

20 million people dead

Did not work

Communism (1966-1976 Cultural Revolution)

1.     What is the goal of the Cultural Revolution?

To gain the younger generation. Get them involved in maintaining a perfect communist society

2.     Who is leading the Cultural Revolution?

Red Guards 

3.     What are the effects of the Cultural Revolutions?

Many innocent people are abused, tortured. They lose everything and the country is brought to a standstill. It only ends with Mao’s death

The Four Modernizations(Deng Xiaoping late 1970’s to 1997)

1.     Who takes over after Mao’s death?

Deng Xiaoping

2.     What are Xioaping’s goals for China?

Modernize China, make it a world power

3.     What are the 4 modernizations?

Agricultural reform, update the military, developing science, expand industry

4.     What happened at Tiananmen Square?

Protests by students were happening for normal reforms for a long time. China sent their army and the students left but adults came and the army massacred and killed many. Several thousand died. The Chinese government denies it ever happened.