leq Untitled Flashcards Set

Cult of Domesticity: A social expectation that idealized women’s roles as caretakers and homemakers within the family structure, promoting traditional values of femininity during a time when industrialization was shifting economic roles.

Agricultural Revolution: A significant period in the 1700s characterized by innovations in farming practices, particularly in Great Britain and Western Europe, that led to increased food production and population growth, thereby contributing to urban migration.

Industrial Revolution: An era of transformation that began in the late 18th century marked by mechanization, urban migration, and the establishment of industrial cities, which resulted in dramatic economic, social, and labor changes, particularly affecting the working class.

Proletariat: The working class who labored in factories during the Industrial Revolution, experiencing harsh working conditions, low wages, and a stark contrast to the wealth accumulated by the bourgeoisie.

Bourgeoisie: The middle and upper classes who owned the means of production and capitalized on the industrial era, leading to increased economic disparities between themselves and the proletariat.

Capitalism: An economic system that emerged prominently during industrialization, featuring private ownership and minimal worker protections, which prioritized profit maximization at the expense of labor rights and conditions.

Child Labor: A widespread practice in factories during the Industrial Revolution where children worked long hours under dangerous conditions, reflecting the lack of regulations and protections for workers that characterized early industrial capitalism.

Urbanization: The migration of individuals from rural areas to cities due to decreased labor needs on farms and the rise of factory jobs, leading to significant growth in urban populations and the creation of overcrowded living conditions.

Mass Production: The industrial practice of producing large quantities of goods efficiently, which spurred consumerism and contributed to the wealth of capitalists while also exacerbating environmental issues due to increased pollution.

Global Economic Shifts: The changes in global power dynamics as nations like Britain, the U.S., Germany, and France advanced industrially, contrasting with the decline of economies in other regions, such as India and China, highlighting the unequal impacts of industrialization worldwide.