CB

2/19/2025 Female Tracts

2/19/2025 Female Tracts


Common disorders

  • Dysmenorrhea

    • PAINFUL

  • Dysfunction bleeding (DUB)

  • MENORRHAGIA 

    • Excessive blood loss

  • PMS

100% will expereicne somthing 



Organs

  • Ovaries, uterus, fallopian tubes, vagina, and breasts


Menustral cycle

  • You should know this

  • Starts in hypothalamic 

    • GNRH


  • Mearche

    • First period

  • Menopause

    • Last period

    • Low estogen, high FSH



DRUG: raloxifene

  • Post menopause meds

  • Prevents osteoporosis 

  • Lowers blood concerntration of LDL

  • Side effects

    • Bloody cloudy urine

    • S/S Leg cramoing and skin rash (BAD)


HRT

  • Estorgen, progesterone,testosterone

  • Relief of all sysmotims

  • Side effects

    • Hair loss

    • Blood clots

    • Breast tenderness

    • (breast cancer)



Birth control

  • Decreases protein S
    Dresses fibronlytics

  • Side effects

    • Estrogen causes BLOOD CLOTS

  • NOT FOR BLOOD CLOTTING PEOPLE


Nictone

  • Smoking is BAD

  • Dont take it with HRT

  • Lots of cardiovascular system

    • Increases CO HR BP



The breast

  • Thelarche-

    • Breast tissue development

  • Contains lobules and ducts

    • Empties into nipple

  • Prolactin

    • Milk formation

  • Oxytocin

    • Milk release


Precocious puberty

  • Early puberties 

    • By 6 or 7 years old

  • Types

    • Central 

      • Hypothaythus

    • Peripheral

      • Ovaries or adrenal glands cause 


Delayed

  • Sex characters not appeared by 13

  • Usually Genetic 

  • Other causes

    • Chronic illness, eating disorders, exercises


Inferility

  • 10-15% of couples

  • 40-50% is by women

  • 25% is ovulation disorders

  • Disruption of FSH/LH 

    • Stress, low or high body weight, excessive, PCOS (too much androgens)


Causes of inferitlty

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)

  • Overproduction of androgens, ovary does not release ovum

  • Weight changes



Premature ovarian failure (POF)

  • Body develops antibodies against ovarian tissue

• Endometriosis

  • Uterine tissue outside the uterus

  • NASUEAU WITH ONE SIDED PAIN


 Fallopian tube damage

  • Ectopic pregnancy, infection, or inflammation


Cervical obstruction

  • Inherited malformation of damage to cervix


 Uterine fibroids




Menstual disorders

  • Amenorrhea

    • Absence of menstrual period

    • Pregnacy must be ruled out

  • Primary

    • Menes does not occur before 16

    • Congentic

    • MRKH

      • Uterus is absent with short vagina 

  • Dysmennorhea

    • Painful

    • 75% of 15 to 25 yr olds

    • Prostaglandin release

      • F within 48 hours of menstruation

    • Rule out pelvic pathologies

    • Treatments

      • Oral contraceptives

      • Antiprogestrone


  • Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

    • Physical, emotional, behavior changes prior to menstrual cycle

    • 50% of women have mild to moderate PMS

    • abnormal response to neurotransmitters prior to menstruation

    • Treatment with selective serotonin receptor inhibitors (SSRI’s) have been helpful


  • Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)

    • More severe form of PMS, interferes with work, school, social activities, and relationships

    • BEST Outcomes with treatments: Symptoms do not interfere with activities of daily living.



Assessment

  • Systemic disorders 

  • History

    • Last menstrual period

    • Duration

    • Length

    • Regularity

    • Volume of loss

      • Saturation of pad or tampon per hour

  • Sexual history (FIVE Ps)

    • Partners

    • Practices

    • Preventions of STIs

    • Past history of STI

    • Pregnacy prevention

  • Family history

  • Women older than 18 or sexual active girls

    • Pelvic exam

    • Breast exam

    • Pap and hpv test


Pregnancy

  • Dated in weeks started from first day of LMP


(DO NOT STUDY PREGNACY)



Treatments of female reproductive disorders

  • HRT

    • Menopausal symptoms

  • Fertility drugs

  • IVF

  • Dilution of curetafes

    • Cervix dilution

  • Hysterectomy

    • Surgical removal of uterus

  • Endometrial ablation

    • Removal of lining

  • Cryosurgery 

    • Cervis portion removed for diagnosis


Pathologies of each

  • Uterus

    • Endometritisis

    • Endometriosis

    • Polyps

    • Prolkaspe

    • Cystocele

      • Hole and leakage

    • Rectocele,

  • Cervix

  • Vagina

  • Ovary

  • Breast

    • mystic


Medical emergency

  • Ectopic prgancy

    • Outside of uterus

      • Ie ovaries, cervix, abdomono, apullary, 


Breast fibroadenomas

  • Small lumps in one breast

  • Firm round and movable

  • Tender before period


Uterus- endometritis

  • Infection/swelling of uterus

  • Also associated with other tissue infection

  • Mixed infection from vargina

    • Gonnocouss, clymudia

    • Childbirth

  • Symtoms

    • Bleeding

    • Discharge

  • Antibiotics for treatment



Growth of endometrial tissue

  • 15%

  • 80% of pelvic pain

  • In ovaries liagments, andomyosis etic

  • Causes serve pain and inabikut toi conceive

  • Laparscopy for diagnosis

  • Treatment

    • Surgery, nsaid, BC, gnrh


Fibriods

  • Growths outside and causes pain

  • Hytroectomy is needed


Prolsape

  • Uterus falls into vagina

  • Multiparous women

    • Many pregnacy women

  • Degrees of prolasape

  • Weaken or damaged muscles 

  • Causes

    • Pregancy, childbirth, menopause, coughing, straining on toilet


Cervix

  • Nobathian Cysts

    • Harmless bumps

    • No treatment needed

    • Blockage of muscus gland

  • Cerviticis

    • Inflamtion of cervix

      • Infection from vagina

      • Erosion of wall

  • Cervical polyps

    • Beginning inflammatory changes of endocervix

    • Bleeding after sex


Dinoprostone

  • Causes cervix to thin and dilate 

  • Uterus contract  to push baby out

  • For labor


Oxytocin 

  • Induces labor

    • Strengthens contractions

  • Controls bleeding posty childbirth

  • Indication

    • Child is coming out NOW

  • S/e

    • Fast slow or uneven HR

    • Bleeding post birth

    • Headache, blurred vision

    • Cardiac arrthymia is BAD


Disorders of vargina and external gentialia

  • Vulvodynia

    • Pain in vulva

    • Yeast infection, irrations chemical, infection

  • Vulva cancer

    • Rare

    • Bleeding itching mass

  • Viginitis

    • Inflammation

    • Discharge with burning and itch

    • Pain with urination and sxual intercourse

    • Bacterial causes usually

      • Fishy smell

    • Must indenfity for oral medications

      • Culture and sensitivity test

    • Prevent with proper hygeine and no douches



Miconazole

  • For yeast infections

    • “I smell like subway when you enter”

      • Rip poor girly

  • Antifungal

  • Topical

  • s/e

    • Rash

    • Allergic ractions

    • (TEST ON ARM FIRST)