2.3 Wireless Network Technologies

Overview of 802.11 Networks

• Frequency Ranges:

  • 802.11 standards utilize different frequency ranges: 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz.

  • Some standards may employ both ranges for communication.

• Channels:

  • Each frequency range has separate channels assigned by the IEEE for easier management.

  • It is advisable to use different channels for multiple access points in the same area to reduce interference.

Regulation of Wireless Frequencies

• Governmental Oversight:

  • Regulatory agencies in various regions manage wireless spectrum allocations.

  • Regulations define frequency usage, maximum power levels, and limits on interference for 802.11 networks.

Comparison of 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz Networks

• 2.4 GHz Networks:

  • Primary channels are 1, 6, and 11.

  • Each channel covers a bandwidth of 20 MHz, spanning from 2412 MHz to 2482 MHz.

  • Limited to three channels, typically congested in residential or multi-access point environments.

• 5 GHz Networks:

  • Offers a broader array of channels compared to 2.4 GHz, providing many more 20 MHz channels for communication.

  • Allows for larger bandwidth options: 40 MHz, 80 MHz, and up to 160 MHz.

  • 160 MHz Bandwidth:

    • Non-contiguous channel allocation can be used for high throughput.

Bluetooth and 802.11 Networks

• Bluetooth Overview:

  • Predominantly uses the unlicensed ISM band of the 2.4 GHz spectrum.

  • Popular in wireless peripherals like headsets, speakers, and keyboards.

• Personal Area Network (PAN):

  • Bluetooth devices operate within a limited range, typically around 10 meters.

  • Industrial Bluetooth standards exist for extended ranges, allowing connections beyond 100 meters, but consumer devices are usually limited to 10 meters.

Conclusion

• Understanding the differences and specifications between 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz networks, as well as the role of Bluetooth, is crucial for optimizing wireless communication and minimizing interference.