1. Brainstem: Controls basic functions like breathing, heart rate, and sleep.

2. Thalamus: Passes sensory information (except smell) to the brain.

3. Cerebellum: Helps with balance, movement, and coordination.

4. Medulla/Medulla Oblongata: Manages vital functions like breathing and heartbeat.

5. Pons: Connects different brain areas and helps with sleep and breathing.

6. Reticular Formation: Controls alertness and helps with attention.

7. Limbic System: Handles emotions, memories, and motivation.

8. Hippocampus: Essential for creating and storing memories.

9. Hypothalamus: Regulates hunger, thirst, temperature, and hormones.

10. Pituitary Gland: Produces hormones that control growth and body functions.

11. Amygdala: Processes emotions, especially fear and anger.

12. Corpus Callosum: Connects the left and right brain hemispheres.

13. Frontal Lobes: In charge of thinking, planning, and decision-making.

14. Parietal Lobes: Processes touch, spatial awareness, and body position.

15. Occipital Lobes: Responsible for vision.

16. Temporal Lobes: Handles hearing, memory, and language understanding.

17. Wernicke’s Area: Helps understand spoken and written language.

18. Broca’s Area: Allows you to speak and form words.

19. Cerebral Cortex: Outer layer of the brain; handles thinking, senses, and decision-making.

20. Visual Cortex: Processes visual information.

21. Motor Cortex: Controls voluntary muscle movements.

22. Somatosensory Cortex: Processes touch, temperature, and pain.