Anatomy II: Chapter 21 pt 3

What is the third line of defense in the immune system?
a) Skin and mucous membranes
b) Inflammation and fever
c) Adaptive (specific) defenses
d) Phagocytosis

The humoral immune response involves:
a) T cells
b) B cells and antibodies
c) Macrophages
d) Natural killer cells

Where does the first encounter between an antigen and a naive lymphocyte usually occur?
a) Bone marrow
b) Thymus
c) Spleen or lymph nodes
d) Liver

What happens when a B cell encounters its specific antigen?
a) It immediately attacks the pathogen
b) It undergoes clonal selection
c) It produces memory T cells
d) It releases histamines

Which cells produce antibodies?
a) Helper T cells
b) Plasma cells
c) Macrophages
d) Natural killer cells

What is the primary function of memory B cells?
a) Engulf pathogens
b) Provide immunological memory
c) Activate complement proteins
d) Release histamine

How long does it take for the primary immune response to reach peak antibody levels?
a) 1-2 days
b) 3-6 days
c) 10 days
d) 1 month

What is the purpose of antibodies?
a) Directly kill antigens
b) Inactivate and tag antigens for destruction
c) Activate T cells
d) Produce antigens

What is the secondary immune response?
a) The first exposure to an antigen
b) The response of memory cells to a previously encountered antigen
c) The activation of macrophages
d) The innate immune response

How long can memory cells last?
a) A few days
b) Several months
c) 20 years or more
d) Only during infection

What is an example of naturally acquired active immunity?
a) A vaccine
b) A bacterial infection
c) An antivenom injection
d) Receiving gamma globulin

What type of immunity is provided by a vaccine?
a) Natural passive immunity
b) Artificial active immunity
c) Artificial passive immunity
d) Innate immunity

What is an example of passive immunity?
a) A bacterial infection
b) Receiving antibodies from breast milk
c) Producing antibodies after a vaccine
d) Activation of memory B cells

What are antibodies also called?
a) Interferons
b) Immunoglobulins
c) Antigens
d) Cytokines

Which antibody is the first to be produced during an immune response?
a) IgA
b) IgG
c) IgM
d) IgE

What does the term "MADGE" help to remember?
a) Types of antigens
b) Five classes of antibodies
c) Steps in inflammation
d) Components of complement system

What is the main function of IgG antibodies?
a) Cause allergic reactions
b) Protect mucosal surfaces
c) Provide long-term immunity
d) Help in blood clotting

Which antibody is involved in allergic reactions?
a) IgA
b) IgE
c) IgM
d) IgD

What is the function of neutralization by antibodies?
a) Blocking antigen binding sites
b) Breaking down antibodies
c) Destroying T cells
d) Promoting fever

What is the function of agglutination?
a) Prevents pathogens from adhering to host cells
b) Enhances the effect of T cells
c) Causes cells to clump together for easier destruction
d) Destroys memory B cells

What is precipitation in immune defense?
a) Antibodies cause antigens to settle out of solution
b) Antigens clump together
c) T cells attack antigen-presenting cells
d) Macrophages destroy antibodies

Complement fixation leads to:
a) Direct lysis of the pathogen
b) Clonal expansion
c) Increased antibody production
d) Memory cell apoptosis

What type of immunity does an antivenom provide?
a) Natural passive
b) Artificial passive
c) Natural active
d) Artificial active

What is a key advantage of passive immunity?
a) Long-lasting protection
b) Immediate but short-term protection
c) Activation of memory cells
d) Increased antibody production

What happens during a primary immune response?
a) Immediate and strong antibody production
b) Memory cells are activated
c) B cells proliferate after a lag period
d) Antibodies stay elevated indefinitely

What happens in a secondary immune response?
a) Antibody levels rise quickly and are higher than before
b) No immune response occurs
c) The response is slower than the primary response
d) Only innate immunity is activated

Which antibody crosses the placenta?
a) IgA
b) IgM
c) IgG
d) IgE

What type of cells are primarily responsible for the humoral immune response?
a) T cells
b) Macrophages
c) B cells
d) Neutrophils

Which antibody is found in secretions like saliva and tears?
a) IgG
b) IgM
c) IgA
d) IgE

What type of immunity is achieved through exposure to a pathogen?
a) Natural active
b) Artificial active
c) Natural passive
d) Artificial passive

What is the term for a substance that triggers an immune response?
a) Antigen
b) Antibody
c) Cytokine
d) Macrophage

What does a booster shot do?
a) Weakens immunity
b) Extends immunity against a pathogen
c) Stops an infection
d) Kills B cells

What do monoclonal antibodies do?
a) Only target viruses
b) Are used for research and medical treatments
c) Are a type of T cell
d) Provide lifetime immunity

Which of the following is an example of artificial active immunity?
a) Breastfeeding
b) A tetanus vaccine
c) Catching the flu
d) Receiving an antibody injection