Lecture 19_250 review

Exam 2 Review Topics

Lecture 19: Viral Pathogens

• Focus on the following viral pathogens.

• Important aspects to review include general pathogenesis, signs/symptoms, and diseases related to each virus:

• Influenza Virus

  • Pathogenesis: Airborne transmission, mainly through droplets.

  • Symptoms: Fever, cough, sore throat, fatigue, muscle aches.

  • Diseases: Influenza (seasonal, pandemic strains).

• Rhinovirus

  • Pathogenesis: Primarily spreads through respiratory droplets or contact with contaminated surfaces.

  • Symptoms: Runny nose, sneezing, sore throat, congestion.

  • Diseases: Common cold.

• Norovirus

  • Pathogenesis: Highly contagious, often spread through contaminated food or surfaces.

  • Symptoms: Severe vomiting, diarrhea, stomach cramping.

  • Diseases: Gastroenteritis.

• Hepatitis A Virus

  • Pathogenesis: Transmitted via the fecal-oral route; commonly through contaminated food/water.

  • Symptoms: Jaundice, fatigue, abdominal pain.

  • Diseases: Hepatitis A (liver infection).

• Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV-1, HSV-2)

  • Pathogenesis: Direct contact, oral or genital routes.

  • Symptoms: Cold sores (HSV-1); genital lesions (HSV-2).

  • Diseases: Oral herpes (HSV-1), genital herpes (HSV-2).

• Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

  • Pathogenesis: Skin-to-skin contact; sexually transmitted.

  • Symptoms: Often asymptomatic; warts or precancerous changes.

  • Diseases: Cervical cancer, genital warts.

• Rabies Virus

  • Pathogenesis: Transmitted through bites of infected animals; affects nervous system.

  • Symptoms: Flu-like symptoms progressing to severe neurological signs.

  • Diseases: Rabies (almost always fatal if untreated).

• West Nile Virus

  • Pathogenesis: Spread via mosquito bites; affects central nervous system.

  • Symptoms: Fever, headache, body aches, skin rash.

  • Diseases: West Nile fever, potentially severe neuroinvasive diseases.