Phonological Based Errors

Phonological Errors

1. Diagnosis of Phoneme-Based Difficulty

   • Presence of phonological error patterns or processes.

   • Each child has unique rules for understanding speech sounds.

2. Place-Manner-Voice Analysis

   • Analyzing speech samples using:

     • Place: Where the sound is produced.

     • Manner: How the sound is produced.

     • Voice: Whether the vocal cords vibrate or not.

   • Importance of tallying errors to inform target selection.

3. Phonological Process Analysis

   • Looks for patterns starting from known processes.

   • Typically omits vowel processes, focusing on consonants.

   • Top-down approach to error analysis.

4. Vowel Processes Examples

   • Vowel backing: e.g., [ɪ] → [ʊ].

   • Vowel fronting: e.g., [u] → [i].

   • Centralization: e.g., [ɛ] → [ʌ].

   • Vowel raising/lowering: e.g., [æ] → [ɛ]/[u] → [ʊ].

   • Monophthongization: e.g., [ɛ] → [ɛI].

   • Complete vowel harmony: e.g., [tɛdi] → [tɛdɛ].

   • Tenseness harmony: e.g., [mɛni] → [meni].

   • Height vowel harmony: e.g., [bæskɪt] → [bɛskɪt].

5. Productive Phonological Knowledge

   • Limited knowledge of phonemes impacts speech.

   • Reference video for understanding phoneme knowledge.

6. Application Activity

   • Video discussing phonological knowledge development in children.

   • Importance of reviewing answers to understand concepts better.