EXAM 3- textiles

TEXTILES EXAM 3

1. Finish- any process that is done to a fiber, yarn or fabric either before or after fabrication to change the appearance , the hand the performance or a combination of these properties
2. Converter- highly specialized facilities that perform a service for the mills by finishing goods to order; they get paid by the mill, but never actually own the goods
3. Permanent Finish- last the life of the item
   1. Example: Mercerization
4. Temporary Finish- Lasts until the item is washed or dry-cleaned
   1. Example: Calendaring
5. Durable Finish- Lasts for the life of the product, but its effectiveness diminishes with use or age
   1. Example: Wrinkle Resistance
6. Greige Goods- Fabrics that have been produced but have received no wet or dry finishing operations
7. Finish Goods- Fabrics that have received wet or dry finishing treatments such as bleaching, dyeing, or embossing
8. Foam Finishing- Utilizes foam instead of liquid to apply the finishing chemical to the fabric
9. Water Bath Finishing- Traditional/standard; the finish chemical is placed in a water solution a padded onto the fabric by immersing the fabric into the solution and squeezing out the excess liquid
10. Solvent Finishing- The finishing chemical is placed in a solvent then applied like the water-bath finishing
11. Tentering- Important finishing operation, applies crosswise and lengthwise tension to fabric while it dries
12. Mercerization- The process of treating cellulosic fabric or yarn with an alkali
13. Run (of fabric)- Describes the quantity of fabric receiving the same processing at the same time
14. Batch (of fabric)- a specific quantity of material, usually fabric, that is produced or processed together as a single unit.
15. Scouring- General term referring to removal of foreign matter or soil from the fabric prior to finishing or dyeing
16. Singeing- is the process of burning the fiber ends projecting from the surface of the fabric
17. Carbonizing- Treatment of wool yarns or fabrics with sulfuric acid, destroys plant matter in the fabric and allows for more level dyeing
18. Batch Processing- A relatively short length of fabric (several hundred yards) is processed as one until in one machine at a time
19. Napped Finish: A textile finishing process where the surface of the fabric is brushed to raise fibers, creating a soft, fuzzy texture.
20. Anti Microbial Finish: A treatment applied to textiles to inhibit the growth of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and mold, thus preventing odors and maintaining freshness.
21. Aesthetic Finish- Changes the appearance of a hand of fabric (added to a fabric with the purpose to change visual, textural, and hand)
22. Functional/Performance Finish- improve the performance properties of the fabric such as durability, strength, etc.
23. Difference Between Aesthetic & Functional Finish- Looks Vs. Usability
24. Back FIlling Machine- A variation of the padding machine, but only applies the finish to one side of the fabric
25. Padding Machine- Applies dyes and finishing chemicals in either liquid or paste form to fabric using two padded rollers
26. Glazed Finish- Is produced by friction calendering. finishing process where the fabric surface is made smooth and shiny by applying pressure and heat, often using a calendering machine.
27. Moire- Fabrics have a wood grain or watermarked appearance
28. Burned Out Fabric: A textile where a chemical is applied to dissolve one fiber type, leaving behind the other, creating a semi-transparent or sheer pattern.
29. Sizing: A process where a starch or synthetic substance is applied to yarns or fabrics to improve their handling properties, such as reducing friction and increasing stiffness.
30. Beetling: A mechanical finishing process where fabric is pounded with heavy mallets or rollers to flatten and smooth the surface, often used for linen.
31. Boil off: A process where newly woven fabrics are boiled to remove impurities, sizing agents, and excess dye, resulting in improved appearance and hand feel.
32. Brushing: A textile finishing process where fabric is mechanically rubbed with brushes to raise the surface fibers, creating a soft, fuzzy texture.Flocking- When a fine fiber is applied to a base fabric
33. Special Purpose: Fabrics designed for specific applications or functionalities beyond conventional use, such as flame-retardant, water-resistant, or conductive textiles.
34. Shrinkage: The reduction in size or dimensions of a fabric or garment caused by factors like moisture, heat, or mechanical agitation.
35. Halogenation: A chemical process involving the addition of halogens (e.g., chlorine or bromine) to textile fibers, often used for flame retardancy or antimicrobial properties.
36. Pre-cure Process- Finish happens before garment is made
37. Post-cure Process- Finish happens after garment is made
38. Silicone Based Compounds (how many washes?)- substances derived from silicone that are used to impart various properties such as softness, water repellency, or smoothness to fabrics.
39. Waterproof Vs. Water Repellent-
40. Waterproof: Textiles treated to prevent the penetration of water, making them impermeable to moisture even under prolonged exposure
41. Water Repellent: Textiles treated to resist the absorption of water, causing water to bead and roll off the surface without fully penetrating the fabric.
42. Moisture Management Finish: A textile treatment that enhances the fabric's ability to wick moisture away from the body, keeping the wearer dry and comfortable.
43. Nano Finish: A finishing treatment using nanoparticles to impart specific properties to textiles, such as stain resistance, water repellency, or UV protection.
44. Which Yarns Require More Finish? Low Twist or High Twist?- Low Twist; Looser so needs more to soak up
45. Color- The visual perception resulting from the reflection or absorption of light by objects, including textiles, imparted by dyes, pigments, or inherent fiber color.
46. Color Theory- Complex phenomenon combining the physics of light, the chemistry of colored objects, the biology of the eye, the behavioral sciences in terms of what colors mean to society of the individual, and the aesthetics of appreciating what one sees
47. Metamerism- Two colors match in one light source, and not the in another
48. Bezold Effect- Two or more colors appear to merge into one new color when viewed “different up close vs far”
49. Lab Dip- A sample produced by a dyehouse for a creative team to review
50. Pigment- Insoluble color particles that are held on the surface of a fabric by a binding agent
51. Disperse Dye: A type of dye specifically formulated to color synthetic fibers by dispersing in water, yielding vibrant and wash-fast hues.
52. Direct Dye: A type of dye that can be applied directly to the textile without the need for a mordant or fixing agent, commonly used for natural fibers like cotton and wool.
53. Stages of Dyeing: Dyeing process typically involves three stages: preparation
54. (pre-treatment of fabric), dyeing (application of dye), and finishing (post-treatment to improve colorfastness and hand feel).
55. Characteristics of dyeing in the fiber stage & the garment stage: Dyeing in the fiber stage occurs before yarn formation, resulting in deeper and more uniform color penetration, while dyeing in the garment stage may yield variations due to differences in fabric construction and dyeing techniques.
56. Screen printing: A printing technique where ink is forced through a stencil onto a fabric stretched over a frame, creating a design with crisp edges and vibrant colors.
57. Batik: A traditional textile dyeing technique where wax is applied to fabric in specific patterns, creating a resist against dye penetration, resulting in unique and intricate designs.