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In fungi, sexual reproduction begins with

Question 1 options:

	hyphal fragmentation
	karyogamy or production of spores
	plasmogamy or fusion of mycelia
	budding from diploid parents

What does Gnathostome mean?

Question 2 options:

	enclosed seeds
	a jawed mouth
	a hard skull x
	lung fish

Which of the following is the correct description for a choanocyte?

Question 3 options:

	A poriferan flagellated cell that creates a current to move water through the organism.
	A specialized cnidarian cell that discharges a poisoned thread to sting another organism.x
	A specialized arthropod cell that produces silk threads to build a web.
	A choanoflagellate cell that uses pseudopodia to move through the organism.

What is NOT a defining trait found in chordate embryos?

Question 4 options:

	a notochord
	dorsal nerve cord x
	pharyngeal slits
	gametophytes

After the evolution of the vertebral column, what is the correct order of vertebrate innovations as they appear in time?

Question 5 options:

jaws>>lungs>> 4 limbs>>amniote egg

4 limbs>>lungs>> jaws>>amniote egg

lungs>> 4 limbs>>jaws>>amniote egg x

amniote egg>>jaws>>lungs>> 4 limbs

Cnidarians have a gastrovascular cavity rather than a complete gut; how is this arrangement less functional?

Question 6 options:

	Digestion is less efficient because they cannot use digestive enzymes to break down food.
	With only one opening, a single item must be completely digested & expelled before a new food item can begin.x
	A blind-ended cavity increases the probability of parasite attachment within the cavity.
	Lacking a mouth and the capacity for chewing greatly reduces the amount of food they can take in.

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What is NOT a correct way to describe an amphibian?

Question 7 options:

tetrapod

amniote

craniate

Vertebrate x
Amphibians are completely dependent on an aquatic environment for

Question 8 options:

feeding

all of these

Reproduction x

Respiration