ACE AMSTUD CH 16-22 Review

Chapter Review Overview

• Focused on Mute your mics and get ready to learn!

• Contains 20 Multiple Choice questions in approximately 20 minutes, along with a Document-Based Question (DBQ) covering Chapters 16-22.

Chapter 16: America’s Gilded Age

• Timeframe: Approximately two decades post-Civil War and Reconstruction.

• Transformation: Shift from an agricultural society to an industrial powerhouse.

• Gilded Nature: Prosperity masked serious social issues.

Key Characteristics

• Rapid industrial growth and economic expansion.

• Appearance of immense fortunes and a new class of industrial millionaires.

• Widespread political corruption on local and national levels.

• Significant income gap between rich and poor.

• Mainly unregulated capitalist environment.

• Advances in technology impacting daily life.

• Immigration reshaping America’s demographics.

• Urbanization and city growth.

Chapter 17: Introduction to Populism

• Farmers' Struggles: Dropping crop prices and high debts caused economic distress, particularly in South and West.

• Farmers’ Alliance: Initially cooperative, later became politically active, advocating for a subtreasury plan.

• Populist Party Emergence: Represented small farmers and workers, advocating reforms like direct Senate elections and public railroad ownership.

• Coalition Challenges: Efforts to unite Black and white farmers faced racial divides and Democratic resistance.

• Labor and Populism: Difficulties in gaining urban worker support; labor organizations focused specifically on wages rather than systemic reform.

Redeemers in Power and Effects

• Rollback of Reconstruction reforms, reduced public services, and introduction of convict leasing.

• New South’s Disappointment: Industrial efforts did not alleviate poverty; still reliant on the North.

• Black Life: Limited opportunities, increased discrimination, and emergence of urban Black institutions.

• The Kansas Exodus: Migration of African Americans seeking freedom and opportunities.

• Transformation in Black Politics: Decline in Black officeholding, rise of women activists, and groups like the National Association of Colored Women.

Rise of Segregation and Decline of African American Rights

• Booker T. Washington’s Philosophy: Preferred economic self-help over political agitation.

• Voting Rights Erosion: Disenfranchisement tactics such as poll taxes and literacy tests.

• Legal Segregation: Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) established the “separate but equal” doctrine.

• Lynching: Public violence against African Americans perpetuated terror.

Chapter 18: Immigration and Labor Movements

• Shift towards Southern and Eastern European immigrants led to nativist attitudes.

• Immigration Restriction: Strong opposition to “new” immigrants, leading to the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882.

• Labor Movement: Workers' rights sought through organizations like the AFL, with major strikes pushing for change.

Key Events

• Major Strikes: Lawrence, MA (1912) led to wage increases; Triangle Shirtwaist Fire (1911) prompted safety laws.

Chapter 19: U.S. Imperialism and World War I

• Imperialism: Expansion into territories like the Philippines and Hawaii; the Open Door Policy established trade with China.

• Spanish-American War: Application of yellow journalism, and the quick U.S. military victory; subsequent conflict with the Philippines.

• Foreign Policy Strategies: Teddy Roosevelt’s Big Stick diplomacy; Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy.

Chapter 20: The 1920s and Rising Tensions

• Economy of the 1920s characterized by consumerism amidst rising poverty concerns.

• Cultural Movements: The Lost Generation of writers and artists challenging societal norms.

Immigration Policy Shifts

• Racial Themes: The rise of the Ku Klux Klan against immigrants led to discussions on citizenship.

• Women’s Movement: Development of the Equal Rights Amendment and the rise of flappers.

Chapter 21: The New Deal Initiatives

• First New Deal: Emergency Banking Act, Glass-Steagall Act, and establishment of social security.

• Second New Deal: Focused on economic security through policies like the Social Security Act and Work Progress Administration.

Key Figures

• Prominent figures advocating various forms of economic justice including Huey Long and Upton Sinclair.

Chapter 22: World War II Era and Aftermath

• Four Freedoms: Support for global human rights established by FDR.

• U.S. Involvement: Neutrality Acts, Lend-Lease Act, and response to Pearl Harbor.

• Post-War Policies: Establishment of the United Nations and the role of the U.S. as a global superpower.

Post War Social Issues

• Minorities’ Roles: Experiences of Native Americans and Mexican Americans during the war.

• Japanese American Internment: Forced camps for Japanese Americans, leading to significant civil liberties concerns.

These notes provide foundational insight into the chapters reviewed, highlighting key concepts, social movements, economic conditions, and pivotal events throughout American history from the Gilded Age to World War II.