EGL 380

Lighting in Film

• Lighting defines how a character, object, or scene is illuminated by natural or artificial sources.

• It directs the viewer's attention and creates atmosphere.

• Differences in lighting evoke different feelings:

  • Bright outdoor scenes (e.g., westerns) convey optimism and clarity.

  • Dark alleyways (e.g., gangsters) create feelings of oppression and gloom.

• More subtle patterns of lighting also need to be noted, especially their psychological effects.

Examples of Lighting Techniques

• In "Sunday in the Country" (1984):

  • Use of low lighting and candlelight emphasizes isolation among characters.

  • Look for recurrent patterns of light and shadow in scenes.

• Is the lighting natural or artificial?

  • Some films manipulate light as a key artistic element.

  • Intelligent narrative films use lighting with purpose and strategic planning.

Mise-en-scène in Film

• Mise-en-scène refers to the arrangement of space and elements in front of the camera.

• Balance and Relationships in Space:

  • Placement of characters can indicate power dynamics.

  • Shadows and light often reflect themes or concepts.

• In comparing settings:

  • Do disasters occur in urban versus natural landscapes?

  • The mise-en-scène in film draws parallels with theatrical staging.

Case Study: "Our Hospitality" (1923)

• Buster Keaton's directorial decisions advance the narrative through mise-en-scène.

• The setting usually serves multiple functions:

  • Divides film into contrasting sections.

  • Introduces characters’ pasts and foreshadows their futures.

• Example: The McKay and Canfield homes represent opposing family legacies.

  • The Canfield home ironically becomes a safe haven for Willie.

  • Various scenes build suspense surrounding Willie’s hiding and pursuit.

• Climax occurs at the Canfields’ home, representing reconciliation and new family dynamics.

The Importance of Competition and Image

• The camera captures and shapes the mise-en-scène, framing the story visually.

• A single film shot can encompass movement and action more than a still photograph.

  • Shot transitions (like point of view changes) enrich narrative.

  • Be aware of the various dimensions of each shot.

Shot Composition

• Photographic Properties of Shots:

  • Tone, speed, and perspectives affect scene perception.

  • Example: "The Wizard of Oz" (1939) contrasts colors to signify fantasy.

  • Black and white films evoke historical context, e.g., "The Artist" (2011).

• Film Speed:

  • Different speeds depict actions and emotions dramatically.

  • Slow motion may signal dreams; fast motion often adds humor.

• Perspective:

  • Spatial relationships help establish narrative layers.

  • Techniques include shallow depth of field and rack focus for emphasis.

  • Examine which elements are in focus and their significance in the narrative.

Analysis and Discussion

• When analyzing film images, ask:

  • What elements are highlighted and why?

  • How does space shape character relationships?

  • Consider the flatness or depth of the image and its implications for world-building.

• Make your analysis multifaceted; focus on how elements interact to create meaning.