Heart

• The heart

  • A muscle which circulates/pumps the blood

    • Does not MAKE blood - that is in bone marrow

  • Heart makes chemical which makes you pee

    • Atrionatriuretic peptide (ANP)

  • 2 systems - Pulmonary and systemic

    • Pulmonary

    • Systemic

  • Oxygen rich is red, oxygen poor is blue (not really)

  • Heart is divided by two by a hard wall - septum

  • 4 chambers

    • Top two = atria (atrium singular)

    • Bottom two are ventricles

  • LEFT AND RIGHT ARE DEPENDENT ON THE PATIENT, NOT PHYSICIAN

    • Left side takes blood OUT to the body

    • Right side sends oxygen poor blood BACK to the LUNGS

  • SVC - Bring back from head, neck, and shoulders

  • IVC - Bring back from lower body

• VALVES help stop blood from flowing opposite direction

  • Atrium + Ventricle = Atrioventricular valve

    • RAV/Tricuspid Valve = Right atrium + Right ventricle

    • LAV/Bicuspid Valve/Mitral = Left atrium + Left ventricle

  • Half moon looking cusps = Semilunar valve

    • Pulmonary semilunar valve = In L. Pulmonary Artery

    • Aorta semilumar valve = In Aorta

• Syncytium —> Heart works together; in sync

  • Aorta and ventrical work together

• Systole = When something contracts; ejection

  • RA/LA = 10 =

  • RV = 25 = To lungs

  • LV = 120 = To the rest of the body

• Diastole = Filling phase

  • RA/LA

  • RV

  • LV = 80

• Blood pressure = systole/diastole (120/80)

• Fetal shunt/fossa ovalis

  • Hole between the atrias to bypass the lungs straight into left atrium

    • IVC carries oxygen rich blood in babies from palcenta to bellybutton to body

  • This opening should close within first breath

    • The pressure with first breath will send blood back to right side, making hole close

  • Now is called the fossa ovalis

    • If it does not close, it is called the patent foramen ovale

• Ductus/Ligamentum Arteriosus

  • Between aorta and pulmonary artery

  • Way to get around the lungs

• Ventricular Septal Defect

  • Connection between the two ventricles - BAD

• Stenotic/Stenosis of the blood vessel — Put in a stent

• AV Valve open - Connective tissue

• murmur, mitral valve

• Atra - systole

• Ventriula - diastole

• when contract - av

• when relax - semilumnar

• left ventricle is thicker - stronger. smaller

• Wrapped aroun din a pericardium

• Endocardium — Makes the valves

• Has a myocardium

• Visceral pericardium/epicardium

  • Viscera = organs

  • Folds back on itself, leaving a space filled with SEROUS FLUIDS

    • like an oil, frictionless

  • Folded back part is called parietal pericardium

• cardiac tamponade - bleeding into pericardium

• heart is indendent of brain; has its own electrical conduction

• node = bundle of nerves which send off together

• av node

• av bundle

• sjakjs fibers

• SA Node depolarizes

• Sends to atria Interaatrial fibers

• AV nodes

• AV bundle

• splits to bundle branches

• apex

• parkine fivers

• contract and wring it out from bottom

• P - SA Node depolarizes - Atria contract

• QRS - AV node depolarizes/SA node repolarizes - ventricles contract

  • SA node is masked by av depolarizing

• T - AV node repolarizes

• AV node can take over as a pacemaker if SA node fails, but is not as good - only works at 40-70 bpm

Sino atrial

normal sinus rhythm —> everuthing is expected, pqrst wave, etc.

tachycardia - faster period, with proper pqrst wave

• not able to complete diastole — not circulating enough blood

bradycardia - slower period with proper pqrst wave

no p wave - SA not working = pacemaker

Atrial fibrilation - loss of synsishia, not working together

• defibrillate

• starts clotting process

ventricular fibrillation - V-fib - shock heart hoping it starts back up

cardiac output = amount of blood circulated in 1 min - 6,000 ml/min

• stroke bolume - how much blood is ejected from left ventricle each contraction - strength of heart

  • About 75 ml for adult male

• heart rate - 80 bts/min

atria squeeze, but ventricles wring- ventricles do it better

bottom is apex (point) between 2nd intercosta, top is base between 5th intercostal space

murmurs:

• diastolic murmur - lub swish dub

• systolic murmur - lub dupp swish