Uterus- a hollow, thick-walled, muscular organ shaped like a pear, about 3 inches long, 2½ inches at the top, and narrowing to a diameter of 1 inch at the cervix.

Follicle eggs- ripens every 28 days for a period of about 40 years.

The fallopian tubes- transport the ova from the ovaries to the uterus.

Menarche- the onset of menstruation)- begins at about age 12.

The menstrual cycle- 20 to 45 days, averaging about 28 days.

The menstrual cycle phases- the menstrual phase, the follicular phase, the ovulatory phase, and the luteal phase.

The menstrual phase- begins with the first day of menstrual bleeding, estrogen, progesterone, FSH, and LH levels are all at minimums.

The follicular phase- right after menstruation until a follicle ripens and an egg matures.

The ovulatory phase (shortest of the cycle)- A mature ovum erupts from its follicle and pas

The luteal phase- right after ovulation and goes until the beginning of the next menstrual cycle.

Dysmenorrhea- painful or difficult menstruations

Menhorragia- excessive bleeding during menstruation

Amenorrhea- absence of flow during menstruation.

Metrorrhagia- bleeding from the uterus at times other than during a menstruation.

Secondary sexual characteristics- features that differentiate male and female bodies.

Breast development stages- prepubertal stage, bud stage, primary stage, mature stage, adult stage

Prepubertal stage- There is a flat appearance to the breasts.

Bud stage- Elevation, enlargement, and pigmentation of the nipple and surrounding areola begin.

Primary stage- areola projects in a mound above the level of the chest wall.

Mature stage: mammary gland tissue develops, producing larger, rounder breasts.

Adult stage- development is complete.

Determinants of Height- heredity, nutrition, age at sexual maturation, total process of growth is speeding up.

Body Types- ectomorph, endomorph, and mesomorph.

Ectomorphs- tall, long, thin and narrow, with a slender, bony, lanky build.

Endomorphs-soft, round, thick, heavy trunks and limbs and a wrestler-type build.

Mesomorphs- square, strong, well-muscled bodies, with medium-length limbs and wide shoulders.

Factors that affect adolescent health decisions- knowledge, rational-thinking skills, parents’ behavior, resources available, peer pressure, societal values

Contributors to Being Overweight- genetics, motivation to eat, eating patterns, food preferences, lack of exercise, interpersonal interactions and being overweight, environmental influences, broader social influences

Skin glands that can cause problems: Merocrine sweat glands, Apocrine sweat glands, Sebaceous glands

Merocrine sweat glands, distributed over most of the skin surfaces of the body.

Apocrine sweat glands, located in the armpit, mammary, genital, and anal regions.

Sebaceous glands, which are the oil-producing glands of the skin.

Note