Untitled Flashcards Set

1. The first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution are collectively known as ______.
a. the Bill of Rights
b. the Preamble to the Constitution
c. Enumerated Powers
d. the Articles of Confederation
Ans: A
2. Which type of crime are the police primarily concerned with stopping?
a. white-collar crime
b. street crime
c. identity theft
d. crimes of opportunity
Ans: B
3. Who has the authority to make arrests and to legitimately use force?
a. civilian employees
b. Article III judges
c. probation officers
d. sworn officers
Ans: D
4. Which piece of legislation gave the government new powers in collecting information on citizens?
a. National Origins Act
b. Sherman Antitrust Act
c. the USA Patriot Act
d. the War Powers Resolution
Ans: C
5. ______ are the goals police hope to achieve.
a. Means
b. Ends
c. Alternatives
d. Desired consequences
Ans: B
6. Which of the following is an example of using illegal means to achieve “good ends”?
a. performing a field sobriety test on a suspected drunk driver
b. engaging in a high speed pursuit of a fleeing felon
c. stealing evidence to sell for personal profit
d. planting evidence to catch a known drug dealer
Ans: D
7. An individual’s internal sense of proper conduct, or what is right, is called ______.
a. ethics
b. morality
c. integrity
d. personality
Ans: B
8. ______ influence(s) discretionary decisions made by police officers while performing their duties.
a. Proximity to headquarters
b. Ethical standards
c. Monetary compensation

d. Prestige
Ans: B
9. ______ are the methods employed by police when pursuing their goals.
a. Alternatives
b. Consequences
c. Ends
d. Means
Ans: D
10. The media tend to focus on ______ police behavior.
a. bad
b. good
c. all
d. routine
Ans: A
11. Illegal and/or unethical means are referred to as ______ means.
a. reflexive
b. dirty
c. illicit
d. rudimentary
Ans: B
12. The best source of knowledge about the police is ______.
a. personal experience
b. media representations
c. research
d. experience of friends and family
Ans: C
13. When officers use their own judgment in making decisions about how to handle a situation, they are using their ______.
a. authority
b. mandate
c. discretion
d. jurisdiction
14. ______ involves the systematic collection and analysis of data.
a. Comprehension
b. Preservation
c. Objectification
d. Research
Ans: D
15. Which of the following is an example of a discretionary decision for police?
a. ticketing a motorist
b. leading a funeral procession
c. directing traffic
d. in-service training
Ans: A
16. What is a way for police departments to increase transparency?
a. the use of Body Worn Cameras
b. involving citizens in police operations
c. sharing information with citizens
d. all of these
Ans: D

17. ______ is unique to policing and separates it from all other occupations.
a. The code of silence
b. Rigorous training
c. Rotating shiftwork
d. The authority to use force in many situations
Ans: D
18. Which of the following is an example of an unethical but legal police action?
a. lying to a suspect in an interrogation
b. taking seized evidence for personal use
c. stopping and frisking someone without reasonable suspicion
d. pulling over a car because the driver is attractive
Ans: A
19. When a person who has a poor perception of the police has an interaction with the police, they are likely to rate their experience
with the police ______.
a. positively
b. negatively
c. honestly
d. rapidly
Ans: B
20. When government power is increased, the rights of citizens’ ______.
a. increase
b. decrease
c. remain the same
d. stagnate
Ans: B
21. ______ provide(s) greater transparency, accountability, and control over the actions of police in situations where deadly force
may be used.
a. Body cameras
b. Tasers
c. Radios
d. Mobile data terminals
Ans: A
22. Citizens’ evaluations of interactions with police officers are heavily influenced by ______.
a. previously held beliefs about the police
b. time of day
c. length of the interaction
d. the officer’s characteristics
Ans: A
23. In many cities, ______ hire and fire police chiefs.
a. judges
b. state Representatives
c. mayors
d. governors
Ans: C
24. Effectively policing a free society is ______.
a. a challenge
b. impossible
c. simple
d. a myth
Ans: A

25. The police spend a majority of their time in ______.
a. public
b. private residences
c. training exercises
d. administrative buildings
Ans: A
26. The Federal Bureau of Investigation devotes a substantial amount of resources combatting ______.
a. white-collar crimes
b. predatory crimes
c. juvenile crimes
d. motor vehicle offenses
Ans: B
27. Discretionary decision-making is ______ in policing.
a. common
b. rare
c. prohibited
d. carefully monitored
Ans: A
28. ______ is the most controversial discretionary decision made by police officers.
a. Ticketing motorists
b. Serving warrants
c. Suspect pursuit
d. Use of force
Ans: D
29. The use of deadly force against ______ has been highly controversial and is the cause of much criticism of the police.
a. intoxicated people
b. subjects who are resisting arrest
c. unarmed subjects
d. fleeing felons
Ans: C
30. Which of the following is an example of a police action that does not have “good ends”?
a. soliciting sex
b. searching a house without a warrant
c. lying to a suspect in an interrogation
d. searching a citizen without reasonable suspicion
Ans: A
Chapter 2: The History of the Police in America
1. The first appointed law enforcement officials in Colonial America were called ______.
a. constables
b. sheriffs
c. deputies
d. mounties
Ans: A
2. During the settlement of the American West, a group of armed male citizens that could be summoned by the sheriff to apprehend
criminals or deal with other violent threats was called ______.
a. the regulators
b. Pinkerton guards
c. the posse
d. the watch
Ans: C

3. The first police department in the United States was created in ______.
a. Boston
b. Los Angeles
c. New Orleans
d. Detroit
Ans: A
4. The ______ Amendment to the U.S. Constitution abolished slavery.
a. 5th
b. 7th
c. 10th
d. 13th
Ans: D
5. Following the Civil War, southern states implemented ______, which limited the rights of African American citizens.
a. the 21st Amendment
b. Black codes
c. habitual offender statutes
d. Civil Rights Act of 1866
Ans: B
6. This law enforcement agency served as the model from which American police departments were built in the mid-1800s.
a. Frankfurt Auxiliary Police Force
b. Paris Police Prefecture
c. Dutch National Police Service
d. London Metropolitan Police Department
Ans: D
7. During the mid-1800s, most police agencies in the United States operated at the ______ level.
a. local
b. state
c. federal
d. territorial
Ans: A
8. In the late 1800s, the first women hired by U.S. police departments were called ______.
a. policewomen
b. police matrons
c. auxiliary officers
d. police constable
Ans: B
9. After the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that the ______ was unconstitutional, the number of Black police officers
dropped substantially.
A. Civil Rights Act of 1875
B. 13th Amendment
C. Dawes Severalty Act of 1887
D. Homestead Act of 1862
Ans: A
10. During which era of policing was corruption widespread, officers poorly trained, and selection and promotion tied to political
party affiliation?
a professional era
b. reform era
c. political era
d. community-based era
Ans: C

11. This method of identification employed by police used 11 measurements to differentiate one person from another.
a. Bertillonage system
b. fingerprinting
c. file photographs
d. integrated biometrics
Ans: A
12. During the late 1800s, increasing crime rates led to the creation of specialized police officers who were familiar with criminals
and their tactics, called ______.
a. sergeants
b. investigative officers
c. detectives
d. community relations officers
Ans: C
13. Historical detectives received compensation for providing testimony in court. This compensation was called ______.
a. overtime
b. a witness fee
c. a maintenance fee
d. a personnel service charge
Ans: B
14. Which historical investigative tactic employed by police involved “rounding up the usual suspects”?
a. dragnet
b. the third degree
c. curbside justice
d. rogues gallery
Ans: A
15. Historically, the practice of using force against suspects during interrogation to get them to disclose information was called
______.
a. curbside justice
b. dragnet
c. the third degree
d. rogues gallery
Ans: C
16. The first state-level police agency was created in 1905 in ______.
a. Rhode Island
b. Massachusetts
c. Delaware
d. Pennsylvania
Ans: D
17. Which of these federal agencies was created in 1909, developed a crime laboratory, began using fingerprinting as a large-scale
method of identification, and now provides training to law enforcement officers across the country through its National Police
Academy?
a. Federal Bureau of Investigation
b. Drug Enforcement Agency
c. U.S. Marshals Service
d. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives
Ans: A
18. During which decade did the crime rate in the United States double, and the police found themselves facing off against rioters
and demonstrators, and landmark decisions like Miranda v. Arizona were seen by many as “handcuffing” the police?
a. 1940s
b. 1950s

c. 1960s
d. 1970s
Ans: C
19. ______ is concerned with identifying and addressing community crime problems and addressing them with the input and
assistance of members of the community.
a. Problem-oriented policing
b. Top–down policing
c. Legalistic policing
d. Watchman policing
Ans: A
20. The ______ era of policing is characterized by an extraordinary amount of new research on police, crime, and criminal justice
issues.
a. community problem-solving
b. political
c. professional
d. reform
Ans: A
21. Some scholars suggest that as a result of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the police have become more ______.
a. ineffective
b. reactionary
c. militarized
d. decentralized
Ans: C
22. ______ is largely credited with creating the London Metropolitan Police Department.
a. Sir Robert Peel
b. Abner Doubleday
c. James Q. Wilson
d. Sir Walter Raleigh
Ans: A
23. Early Criminal Justice research in the 1960s and 1970s found the following.
a. Motorized patrols do not prevent crime.
b. Detectives are the largest contributors to the resolution crimes.
c. Police Officers will very likely apprehend someone at the crime scene when they respond fast.
d. The style of policing at that time was highly successful.
Ans: A
24. In what year did the Supreme Court of the United States rule that prolonged beatings as a method of extracting confessions
were no longer an acceptable police practice?
a. 1801
b. 1850
c. 1936
d. 1964
Ans: C
25. Problem-oriented policing was introduced by Herman Goldstein, who argued police should be more “problem-oriented” and less
______.
a. incident driven
b. repressive
c. militaristic
d. community oriented
Ans: A

26. Berkley, California Police Chief ______, was responsible for a number of significant advancements in policing, including putting
two-way radios in police cars, developing the first crime laboratory at a police department, and creating the first criminology
program at an American university.
a. O.W. Wilson
b. Sir Robert Peel
c. August Vollmer
d. James Q. Wilson
Ans: C
27. The introduction of ______ represented a first attempt to control and improve the police during the political era of policing.
a. street corner call boxes
b. performance evaluations
c. field training officers
d. early warning systems
Ans: A
28. Why is it important to have knowledge of the history of police?
a. to understand why the police is often seen so controversial
b. We can only know what might work if we know what did not work in the past.
c. It can help us to “predict” the future.
d. All of these
Ans: D
29. A cornerstone of community policing, ______ is the idea that the police and community work together to prevent crime.
a. community service
b. intelligence-led policing
c. mutual assistance
d. coproduction
Ans: D
30. Which era of policing sought to get closer to the community and work with members of the community to fight crime?
a. pre-policing era
b. community problem-solving era
c. reform era
d. political era
Ans: B
Chapter 3
1. Which of these is not one of the major operating units in Police Departments?
a. Patrol
b. investigations
c. Sex Offender Unit
d. Internal Affairs
Ans: C
2. The sociologist whose principles of bureaucracy heavily influenced the structure and management of police departments in the
United States was ______.
a. Auguste Compte
b. Karl Marx
c. John Locke
d. Max Weber
Ans: D
3. The principle that no one person or office is responsible for all of the work of an organization is called ______.
a. impersonal relationships
b. hierarchy of authority
c. division of labor
d. competence

Ans: C
4. ______ allows for the development of expertise and efficiency.
a. Specialization
b. Marginalization
c. Unity of command
d. Span of control
Ans: A
5. This principle holds that every person in an organization has a supervisor, and supervisors have more authority than subordinates.
a. hierarchy of authority
b. division of labor
c. top-down management
d. strategic management
Ans: A
6. ______ refers to the idea that each subordinate within an organization should have only one supervisor.
a. Span of control
b. Unity of command
c. Command authority
d. Ordinal leadership
Ans: B
7. ______ refers to the number of people a supervisor is responsible for supervising.
a. Span of control
b. Unity of command
c. Ordinal leadership
d. Breadth of responsibility
Ans: A
8. The ______ principle states that decisions must be made objectively and without emotion.
a. hierarchy of authority
b. continuity
c. unity of command
d. impersonality of relationships
Ans: D
9. When selection and promotion are based on ______, it helps ensure that qualified individuals will carry out the work of the
organization.
a. subjective criteria
b. objective criteria
c. situational observation
d. group norms
Ans: B
10. A company, or provider of services, that does not have competitors is called a(n) ______.
a. consortium
b. corporation
c. monopoly
d. oligarchy
Ans: C
11. The ______ has the authority to investigate the practices and policies of police departments and legally mandate changes to
existing practices or policies when necessary.
a. Central Intelligence Agency
b. United States Department of Justice
c. International Association of Chiefs of Police
d. Police Executive Research Forum

Ans: B
12. Which of these is true about Crime Analysis units?
a. Their work involves working with crime data.
b. They focus on identifying patterns and trends in crime.
c. They are associated with trying to predict trends in crime.
d. all of these
Ans: C
13. Some communities have added a 3-1-1 telephone number for ______ calls.
a. emergency medical
b. domestic violence
c. nonemergency
d. terrorism-related
Ans: C
14. Focusing on, or substituting, means over goals, is referred to as ______.
a. inverse outcome syndrome
b. ends over means syndrome
c. means over ends syndrome
d. negative enforcement
Ans: C
15. Larger police departments tend to have ______ smaller departments.
a. more specialization than
b. less specialization than
c. the same amount of specialization as
d. nothing in common with
Ans: A
16. ______ refers to the number of distinct units within an organization as well as the number of supervisory levels in the
organization.
a. Multiplicity
b. Diversity
c. Functionality
d. Specialization
Ans: D
17. Virtually all but the smallest police departments have a ______ unit.
a. traffic
b. patrol
c. special victims
d. crime analysis
Ans: B
18. A specialized unit used to handle high-risk situations is called a(n) ______.
a. tactical enforcement
b. crime analysis
c. patrol
d. internal affairs
Ans: A
19. The ______ unit is tasked with investigating citizen complaints against officers as well as departmentally generated complaints.
a. crime analysis
b. internal affairs
c. tactical enforcement
d. vice unit
Ans: B

20. This unit is usually staffed by civilians with advanced education and training and tries to identify trends and patterns in criminal
incidents.
a. tactical enforcement
b. internal affairs
c. crime analysis
d. communications
Ans: C
21. Which of the following is an example of a special jurisdiction law enforcement agency?
a. Pennsylvania State Police
b. University of Pennsylvania Police Department
c. Philadelphia Police Department
d. Central Intelligence Agency
Ans: B
22. Which of the following is an example of state level law enforcement agency?
a. Department of Homeland Security
b. Texas Highway Patrol
c. Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department
d. New Mexico
Ans: B
23. Which of the following is an example of a local law enforcement agency?
a. Scranton Police Department
b. U.S. Marshals Service
c. Georgia Bureau of Investigation
d. California Highway Patrol
Ans: A
24. The ______ requires institutions of higher learning that participate in federal financial aid programs to keep and disclose
information about crime on and near their campus.
a. Act
b. Patriot Act
c. Clery Act
d. McGovern Act
Ans: C
25. The majority of full-time sworn officers are employed by ______.
a. local police departments with fewer than 10 full-time officers
b. local police departments with more than 100 full-time officers
c. special jurisdiction law enforcement agencies
d. county sheriffs’ departments
Ans: B
26. These law enforcement agencies have the largest representation of civilian employees.
a. local police departments
b. county sheriffs’
c. state police
d. state highway patrol
Ans: B
27. States that have a highway patrol agency ______.
a. also have a Department of Public Safety or the equivalent
b. share state-level law enforcement duties with county sheriff’s departments
c. are located exclusively in the Southern United States
d. share state level law enforcement duties with the Department of Homeland Security
Ans: A

28. The primary federal law enforcement agencies are located in the Department of Homeland Security and the ______.
a. Department of the Treasury
b. Department of Labor
c. Department of Justice
d. Bureau of Indian Affairs
Ans: C
29. This type of law enforcement agency is responsible for enforcing laws on county land, and in towns and villages that do not have
their own police departments.
a. Sheriff’s Department
b. State Highway Patrol
c. State Police
d. Department of Homeland Security
Ans: A
30. State highway patrol agencies jurisdiction is limited to ______.
a. county roads
b. railroad tracks and the surrounding areas
c. state and interstate roads and highways
d. airport access roads