Language Teaching Methods and Approaches

Historical Methods of Language Teaching

• Grammar Translation Method:

  • Focus on translating texts, studying grammar, and memorization (Latin & Greek).

  • Emphasis on moral and cultural knowledge through classic texts (Bible, philosophy).

• Direct Method:

  • Immersion in language through cultural engagement. (Traveling and exploring)

  • Learning through context, focusing on understanding rather than rote memorization.

• Reading Approach:

  • Language became a subject in schools, and standardized testing started.

  • Teaching became less engaged; focus on grammar and translation for test preparation.

• Cognitive Approach:

  • Understanding language rules and structures; focus on cognitive processing.

• Audio-Lingual Approach:

  • Developed during WW2 for soldiers; focus on memorization of phrases.

  • No deep understanding needed; reliance on repetition.

• Affective-Humanistic Approach:

  • Emphasizes empathy and social connections in language learning.

  • Engaging students through enjoyable activities enhances learning.

• Comprehensive Approach:

  • Focus on confidence in communication, comprehension before production.

  • Use of diverse materials (e.g., visual aids, interactive activities) based on students' interests.

• Communicative Approach:

  • Prioritizes effective communication, personal connections, and cultural exchange.

  • Incorporates engaging methods that excite students and reinforce memory.