To prepare for the test you should review all materials in Google Classroom for the Topic Renewable and Non Renewable Energy. This includes the 5 Powe

1. Energy Flow and Feedback - intro & concepts

a. Forms of energy, recognize common units, energy and power

b. First and second laws of thermodynamics

c. System dynamics – open and closed systems, negative and positive feedback loops

2. Fossil Fuels, nonrenewable energy

a. What are fossil fuels, how were they made, how are they extracted, availability,

characteristics (relative amount of energy, ease of transportation, impact of

extraction and burning) – oil, coal, liquefied natural gas, natural gas, oil sands, oil

shale, methane hydrate

b. Net energy= energy returned – energy invested

c. Energy returned on investment (EROI) =energy returned / energy invested

d. Drilling: exploratory drilling, primary extraction, secondary extraction, economics

e. Petroleum products

f. Peak oil, estimates, proven recoverable reserve, how do we find oil

g. Reserves-to-production ratio (R/P ratio) = the amount of total remaining reserves

divided by the annual rate of production (extraction and processing)

h. Consequences of oil shortages, dependence on foreign countries, OPEC, oil

embargos, Impact natural disasters such as Hurricanes Katrina on offshore rigs,

Strategic petroleum reserve

3. Energy Conservation

a. Definition and importance

b. Examples of technologies – cogeneration, hybrid cars, corporate average fuel

efficiency (CAFÉ) standards

c. Personal choice, examples

4. Alternative Energies

a. Definition and types (e.g. hydropower, solar, wind, geothermal, biomass, tidal

power…)

b. Nonrenewable, potentially renewable and nondepletable energy

c. Solar Energy – Photovoltaic (PV) devices or solar cells, solar power plants, hot water

heaters. Active and passive power. Benefits and detriments, policy in Israel for

heating water

d. Biomass – examples such as ethanol in gasoline, digesting organic wastes to produce

methane gas, wood and charcoal. Understand processes as in the PPT. Different

types of biomass in developing and more developed countries. Limitations, pros and

cons of biomass.

e. Windpower –wind farms, benefits and problems, uneven availability

f. Hydropower- how it works, benefits and problems

g. Geothermal energy –source, how it works, where found, pros and cons

h. Nuclear power-pros and cons, how they work

5. Homes and other buildings

a. Homes are chief consumers of many energy sources, so energy efficient appliences

and homes are important

b. Urban heat island effect

c. What can be done to old homes and in planning new homes to make them more

efficient. Examples: angle of shade, plug leaks, orientation, green roofs/insulation,

etc.

d. Use of solar thermal technologies (see alternative energy PPT as well)

You should also watch the Bozeman films in these Powerpoints that summarize the materials.

The questions on your test are largely taken from the College Board, as these are the type and

format of questions you will be asked in the APES exam.