Definitions

• Colour of Right

  • having permission to use someone’s property, then converting it to your own use

• Manslaughter

  • murder that wasn’t intended to kill

• Infanticide

  • a new mother suffering from Postpartum Depression which results in her killing her newborn baby or infant, aged below 2

  • the mother can have a psychiatric testimony to prove she is suffering from mental health issues

• Euthanization

  • Doctor Assisted Suicide which is now legal after a Supreme Court ruling in 2015

Types of homicide

• Culpable = blamable/criminal homicide

• Non-Culpable = subject won’t be held responsible for the crime (ex: self defence)

  • proven by autopsy, eyewitness testimony or physical evidence

Maximum Murder Penalties

• Manslaughter = 6-14 years depending on the level of injury

• 1st Degree Murder = 25 years, no parole

• 2nd Degree Murder = 25 years & parole application after serving 2/3 of original sentence

• Infanticide = 5 years

Levels of Assault

1. Assault (lowest)

2. Assault Causing Bodily Harm

3. Aggravated Assault (most serious)

Age of Consent

• Overall = 16 years

• Close in Age Exception = 14/15 can consent if the age gap is less than 5 years

• Close in Age Exception = 12/13 can consent if the age gap is less than 2 years

Property Crimes

• Arson

  • intention to start a fire causing property damage

  • motives can be revenge, insurance payout or attempted murder

• Breaking & Entering

  • there are different sentences depending on the value of stolen goods

• Fraud

  • scamming for gain

  • EX: Catfishing

• Possession of Stolen Goods

• Identity Theft

  • using someone’s personal identifying information, usually for financial gain

Other crimes

• Firearms

• Street Racing

  • can result in crashing into people or others’ property

• Prostitution

  • consent must be given by both parties

  • the act of paying money makes it illegal

  • 3 parties involved

    • John - person who pays for the prostitute

    • Prostitute - person performing acts for money

      1. Survival sex trade worker; working on the streets

      2. Massage parlours; work underground through small companies

      3. Higher End Escorts - people working on their own

    • Pimp - forces women to work for them through physical abuse, drug addiction or threats

• Obscenity

  • Words, images or actions which are offensive to public morality

  • EX: restrictions/labels on music with constant swearing

• Terrorism

  • Unlawful use of force or violence to further political or social objectives

• Criminal Harassment

  • Pursuit of repeated communication with an unwilling victim

• Trafficking & Distribution

  • this is specifically selling drugs or medications which are prescribed to you

• Abduction

  • kidnapping of a child from their custodial parent

Driving Offences

• Criminal Code of Canada

  • Reckless driving

  • Vehicular Manslaughter

  • Driving under the influence

• Motor Vehicle Act

  • Speeding

    • $138 -$483 fine

    • 3 points on license

  • Taking red lights

2 categories of consequences based on driving offence

• Criminal Code of Canada

  • Can face jail time

• Motor Vehicle Act

  • Vehicle impounded

  • Pay fines

  • License suspended

Notes

• Young offenders with a violent past can be tried as an adult offender

• Your record isn’t cleared as a young offender until 1 year after your 18th birthday

  • Sexual assaults stay on your record permanently

• The Crown must prove Actus Reus, Mens Rea, Premeditation & Culpability