Stamp Act (p. 173)

• Parliaments 1765 requirement that revenue stamps be affixed to all colonial printed matter, documents, and playing cards 

• British tax that many colonists felt violated their liberty 

virtual representation (p. 174)

• Idea that colonists were represented through Parliament even though they themselves could not directly elect or vote on members.

Sugar Act (p. 175)

• 1764

• Parliament decided to tax refined sugar and other colonial products.

"No taxation without representation"

(p. 176)

• the rallying cry of opponents to the 1765 Stamp Act

• the slogan decried the colonists lack of representation in parliament 

Committee of Correspondence (p. 177)

• Organized by Samuel Adams

• Group of men who organized opposition and rebellion to British rule in lead up to the American Revolution.

Sons of Liberty (p. 177)

• An orginization formed by samuel adams and john hancock and other radical men in response to the stamp act.

Regulators (p. 178)

• Groups of background carolina settlers who protested colonial policies.

Townshend Acts (p. 179)

• To help pay the expenses involved in governing the American colonies, Parliament passed the Townshend Acts, which initiated taxes on glass, lead, paint, paper, and tea. Nonimportation. In response to new taxes, the colonies again decided to discourage the purchase of British imports.

Daughters of Liberty (p. 179)

• The Daughters of Liberty was the formal female association that was formed in 1765 to protest the Stamp Act, and later the Townshend Acts, and was a general term for women who identified themselves as fighting for liberty during the American Revolution.

Boston Massacre (p. 180)

• The Boston Massacre was a deadly riot that occurred on March 5, 1770, on King Street in Boston. It began as a street brawl between American colonists and a lone British soldier, but quickly escalated to a chaotic, bloody slaughter. The conflict energized anti-British sentiment and paved the way for the American Revolution.

 Crispus Attucks (p. 180 

• Crispus Attucks was an American whaler, sailor, and stevedore of African and Native American descent who is traditionally regarded as the first person killed in the Boston Massacre, and as a result the first American killed in the American Revolution. 

Boston Tea Party (p. 181)

• On the night of 16 December 1773, 340 chests of tea were destroyed in Boston Harbour, an event that has gone down in history as the Boston Tea Party. This political and mercantile protest was one of the key events in the lead up to the American Revolutionary War and, ultimately, American independence.

Intolerable Acts (p. 182).

• The Coercive Acts of 1774, known as the Intolerable Acts in the American colonies, were a series of four laws passed by the British Parliament to punish the colony of Massachusetts Bay for the Boston Tea Party.

Continental Congress (p. 182)

• The Continental Congress was a series of legislative bodies, with some executive function, for the Thirteen Colonies of Great Britain in North America, and the newly declared United States before, during, and after the American Revolutionary War.

Battles of Lexington and Concord (p. 184)

• The Battles of Lexington and Concord was the first major military campaign of the American Revolutionary War, resulting in an American victory and outpouring of militia support for the anti-British cause

Battle of Bunker Hill (p. 185)

• The Battle of Bunker Hill was fought on June 17, 1775, during the Siege of Boston in the first stage of the American Revolutionary War. The battle is named after Bunker Hill in Charlestown, Massachusetts, which was peripherally involved

Continental army (p. 185)

• The Continental Army was the army of the United Colonies representing the Thirteen Colonies and later the United States during the American Revolutionary War. It was formed on June 14, 1775, by a resolution passed by the Second Continental Congress, meeting in Philadelphia after the war's outbreak. 

Lord Dunmore's proclamation (p. 185)

• Lord Dunmore, the last Royal Governor of Virginia, famously issued a proclamation in 1775 that gave freedom to any enslaved people who ran away from their Rebel masters and joined the British.

Common Sense (p. 186)

• Cover of "Common Sense" written by Thomas Paine in 1776. Published on January 10, 1776, Thomas Paine's 47-page pamphlet “Common Sense” helped sway the Thirteen Colonies toward independence with his persuasive and passionate case for separation from Britain.

Declaration of Independence (p. 190)

• The Declaration of Independence, formally titled The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America in both the engrossed version and the original printing, is the founding document of the United States.

Battle of Saratoga (p. 196)

• The Battles of Saratoga marked the climax of the Saratoga campaign, giving a decisive victory to the Americans over the British in the American Revolutionary War. 

Joseph and Molly Brant (p. 198)

Mary and Joseph Brant, Mohawk brother and sister, were a bridge between the Iroquois and British worlds in eighteenth-century North America.

Paya Mataha (p. 199)

Paya Mataha was head war chief, a man whose oratorical abilities superseded that of Mingo Houma and who, due to his status, largely dictated wartime diplomacy. A third man, James Colbert, was Scottish by birth but raised among the Chickasaws from childhood.

Battle of Yorktown (p. 201)

The siege of Yorktown, also known as the Battle of Yorktown and the surrender at Yorktown, began September 28, 1781, and ended on October 19, 1781, at exactly 10:30 am in Yorktown, Virginia

Treaty of Paris (p. 203)

This treaty, signed on September 3, 1783, between the American colonies and Great Britain, ended the American Revolution and formally recognized the United States as an independent nation