STS_Unit 1_Chapter 3

Unit 1 Chapter 3: Science and Technology and Nation Building by Joycelyn C. Jumawan

Lesson Objectives

• At the end of the lesson, students will be able to:

  • Show the importance of science and technology (S&T) in nation-building.

  • Reveal the current state of S&T in the Philippines.

  • Convey the government’s regional and national policies and priority areas for S&T.

  • Show the strengths, weaknesses, and gaps in Philippine S&T research development.

Importance of Science and Technology in Nation Building

• S&T is tied to modernity and is essential for rapid development.

• A nation's growth is largely measured by its S&T status.

• This session encourages reflection on current S&T in the Philippines, its progress, gaps, and key government policies.

Contributions of Filipino Scientists

• Filipino scientists have made significant advances and innovations that are crucial for aligning Philippine S&T with developed nations.

• Importance of persistence in innovation highlighted.

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

A Brief History of Philippine S&T

• Pre-Colonization: Indigenous practices included agriculture, mining, and shipbuilding. Examples include:

  • Baybayin: A pre-colonial writing system.

  • Banaue Rice Terraces: An advanced irrigation system, recognized as the "8th wonder of the world."

  • Balangay: The oldest watercraft in the Philippines, reflecting ancient Filipino craftsmanship.

• Spanish Rule:

  • Established parish schools; however, science education was neglected.

  • Scientific contributions included documentation of medicinal plants.

  • Emergence of the "Ilustrados," educated Filipinos who influenced the independence movement.

Key Figures

• José Rizal: Prominent figure in the independence movement with a background in science (ophthalmology).

  • Practiced medicine and contributed to national consciousness.

• Antonio Luna: A scientist and military leader, known for his research in bacteriology and environmental science.

  • Conducted prominent studies on the Pasig River's water quality and Sibul Springwater.

American Colonial Period Developments

• Creation of the Bureau of Science, focusing on tropical diseases and scientific research.

• Establishment of public school systems and the University of the Philippines (UP) as training grounds for scientists.

• Transition to the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) with increased budgets and research priorities.

Government Policies and Initiatives

• Development plans initiated by different presidents:

  • Fidel Ramos enacted the "Science and Technology Agenda for National Development" and key legislative acts.

  • Gloria Macapagal Arroyo promoted innovations targeting productivity in STI.

  • Benigno Aquino implemented the Harmonized National Research and Development Agenda (HNRDA).

  • Rodrigo Duterte's focus on innovative projects like DIWATA-1, the first Philippine microsatellite.

Current State of Philippine S&T

Investment and Resources

• The Philippines ranks low in R&D investment among ASEAN countries.

• Expenditure on R&D as a percentage of GDP is below UNESCO's recommended level.

• Shortage of qualified researchers and scientists in the country leading to a productivity gap.

Challenges

• Under-investment in R&D and insufficient scientific publications and patents.

• High levels of skilled labor migration (brain-drain) due to limited local opportunities.

Government and Industry Collaboration

• The partnership between the Philippine government and private sectors has resulted in the development of several technologies.

  • Notable innovations include the GenAmplify COVID-19 detection kit and various health tech initiatives.

Vision for the Future of Philippine S&T

DOST’s Vision

• Envisioning a science nation driven by innovation and technology integration into economic development.

• Emphasis on infrastructure to support critical and strategic technologies.

Key Technologies Identified

• Remote Sensing Technology, LiDAR applications, Biotechnology, Genomics, and more aimed at enhancing productivity in diverse sectors.

Facilities Established

• Various cutting-edge facilities set up to promote research and support local enterprises in sectors like biotech and nanotechnology.

Long-Term Goals

• Align with the Philippine Development Plan 2017-2022 through the AmBisyon Natin 2040 framework, focusing on empowering the populace and improving living standards through S&T.

Men and Women in Philippine S&T

Contributions of Filipino Scientists

• Recognition of National Scientists and Outstanding Young Scientists (OYS) awards.

• Continued need for fostering talent and innovation in science and technology fields to prevent brain drain and enhance local capabilities.

Notable Figures and Achievements

• Leonardo Co: Renowned botanist, recognized for his significant contributions in ethnobotany, reflecting the potential of self-taught talents in science.

• Other impactful figures include Dr. Fe Del Mundo and Engr. Diosdado Banatao, who contributed notable innovations.

Importance of Young Scientists

• The future of Philippine S&T relies on encouraging young minds to pursue careers in STEM fields, shaping a new generation of researchers and innovators.