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Title: History 1200-01 - Reconstruction
Professor: Victor McFarland
Institution: University of Missouri
Date: January 27, 2025
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Study guide for quiz will be posted Wednesday afternoon
Quiz Summary
Weekly review assignment conducted
Item Analysis:
Average Score: 97%
High Score: 100%
Low Score: 0%
Standard Deviation: 0.65
Average Time: 04:23
Weekly Review Assignment
Quiz Instructions
Question 1:
In the mid-19th century, the Democratic Party was known as the party of slavery and White supremacy.
True/False option
The 14th Amendment (1868)
Summary:
Section 1:
Citizenship for all born/naturalized in the US
Guarantees privileges and immunities, due process, and equal protection
Section 2:
Representatives apportioned by population, excluding non-taxed Indians
Voting rights affect representation when denied to male citizens
Section 3:
Disqualification from federal office for those who engaged in insurrection after oath
Section 4:
Validity of US public debt recognized, repudiating debts from rebellion
Section 5:
Congress’s power to enforce the provisions of this Amendment
The Equal Protection Clause
Reinforces citizen rights including privileges, restrains state laws infringing due process and equal protections
Charts of Racial Equality in Southern History
Oversimplified Charts:
Chart 1
Jim Crow
Emancipation
Civil Rights Movement (1950s/60s)
Chart 2
Emancipation
End of Reconstruction (1877)
Jim Crow
Civil Rights Movement
President Abraham Lincoln (1861-65)
The 13th Amendment (1865)
Summary:
Section 1:
Prohibition of slavery and involuntary servitude
Exceptions for punishment after conviction
Section 2:
Enforcement power by Congress
Passed by Congress on January 31, 1865; Ratified December 6, 1865
President Andrew Johnson (1865-69)
"40 Acres and a Mule"
Historical Context:
Many freed Black Americans sought land as compensation post-emancipation
Most received no land
Special Field Orders No. 15:
Issued by Sherman to reserve land for freed families
Revocation by Andrew Johnson impeded economic independence
Freedmen’s Bureau (1865-1870)
Overview:
Aim: Education, medical care, dispute resolution, law enforcement
Impact: Limited, with only about 1,000 agents across the South
Legal Rights Granted:
Basic rights of personhood (marriage, property ownership)
Restrictions:
Unable to testify against whites, serve on juries, or vote
Required yearly labor contracts to avoid arrest
Black Codes (1865-66): Designed to maintain White supremacy
Congressional (Radical) Reconstruction (1867-77)
Key Events:
Andrew Johnson was impeached in 1868 but not convicted
Implemented harsher measures for disenfranchised Southerners, e.g.:
Enfranchising freed slaves
Loyalty oaths requirement
Republican government elections in the South
Ratification of the 14th and 15th Amendments
President Ulysses S. Grant (1869-77)
The 15th Amendment (1870)
Summary:
Section 1:
Voting rights cannot be denied based on race or previous servitude
Section 2:
Congress shall enforce this article
Women's Suffrage Advocates
Overview:
Disappointed over the non-inclusion of women's votes in the 15th Amendment
Black Officeholders Post-Reconstruction
Overview:
Approximately 2000 Black individuals held public office
Included 14 House members and two senators
Southern Democratic Backlash
Against "Carpetbaggers" and "Scalawags"
Resurgence of Southern leadership against outsiders
Southern Democratic Backlash Against Military Rule
Context:
Resistance to federal military presence during Reconstruction
The Ku Klux Klan
Historical Reference:
Klan activities featured in a cartoon from the Independent Monitor, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, dated September 1, 1868
Themes of violence and insurrection against the African American community