Olmecs

• Hunting ^ difficult, ag

  • beans, squashes, chilies, maize

  • Ag villages

• Ceremonial centers

• Complexes

• Head sculptures

• Pyramids

• Jade + obsidian

• Calendars

• Ballgame

Maya

• Guatemala highlands

• Corn, cotton, cocoa

• Tikal = political center

• Social structure

  • hierarchal

  • Warriors = prestigious

  • Kings, priests, nobles, merchants = top

  • Prof architects +artisans

  • Peasants + slaves = maj

• Calendar

  • Solar + ritual years

• Writing

  • 4 books left

  • Syllabic

• Religion

  • Popol vuh

    • Humans made of corn + water by gods

  • Humans make sacrifices + honor gods -> gods provide agricultural prosperity

    • Bloodletting rituals

• Ball game

  • Gambling

  • Religious significance

Teotihuacan

• Mexican highlands

• Pyramids of sun + moon

• Social structure

  • Paintings + murals of priests

  • Rulers + priests in charge

  • Maj = Field workers

  • Artisans

  • Prof merchants

  • No military organization

Andean society

• Peru + bolivia

• No writing

• Mochica

  • Irrigation

  • Trade

  • Military

• Pottery + ceramics

• Agriculture

  • Beans, sweet potatoes, cotton, peanuts

  • Fishing

  • Pottery

  • Temples

  • Pyramids

• Chavin cult

  • Cotton textiles

  • Fishing nets

  • Gold, silver, copper metallurgy

Oceania

• Rising seas separate Australia + New guinea

• Australia = hunting + gathering until recently

• New guinea = ag on 3000 bce

  • Root crops

  • Herding animals

• Autronesian migrate to polynesia

  • Outrigger canoes

Lapita societies

• Ag villages

• Geometric pottery

• Trade networks

  • Pottery

  • Obsidian

  • Shells

  • Tools

• Social structure

  • Chiefdoms

    • Hierarchical

    • divine/semi divine chiefs

      • Supervise irrigation + rituals