U.S Industrialism

1. Why did people leave the farms to go work in the factories?
   People left farms for factories due to better wages, job opportunities, and industrial growth.

2. Jim Crow Laws (Plessy vs. Ferguson):
   Jim Crow Laws enforced racial segregation, and Plessy v. Ferguson upheld "separate but equal."

3. How did Industrialization improve the literacy rate in America?
   Industrialization led to public education growth and access to resources like books and libraries.

4. How did the Transcontinental RR change America?
   The Transcontinental Railroad connected the country, boosted trade, and encouraged westward expansion.

5. What was the Homestead Act? Why was it created?
   The Homestead Act granted land to settlers to promote westward expansion and development.

6. What was the purpose of the Dawes Act?
   The Dawes Act aimed to assimilate Native Americans by dividing tribal lands into individual allotments.

7. What was the purpose of the public hanging against the Dakota Tribe?
   The public hanging served as a punishment during the Dakota War of 1862 and to intimidate tribes.

8. Why did the U.S. lose the Battle of the Little BigHorn?
   The U.S. underestimated Native forces and lacked reinforcements, leading to defeat.

9. What impact did the Massacre at Wounded Knee have on the Indian Wars?
   The massacre marked the end of major Native American resistance to U.S. expansion.

10. Why did the Cowboys drive cattle to big cities?
    Cowboys drove cattle to cities for slaughter and distribution in urban markets.

11. What problems did the Cowboys face driving the cattle to the big cities?
    Cowboys faced weather challenges, rustlers, and long, exhausting journeys.

12. What was the purpose of political machines?
    Political machines aimed to maintain power by helping immigrants and the poor in exchange for votes.

13. Why did the government pass the Pendleton Act?
    The Pendleton Act created a merit-based system to curb corruption in government jobs.

14. Why did Farmers form the Populist Party?
    Farmers formed the Populist Party to fight for economic reforms and protect their interests against industrialists.

15. Why did Farmers want the value of Silver to be increased?
    Farmers supported "free silver" to increase money circulation and reduce debts.

16. Why did the Populist Party never win a presidential election?
    The Populist Party lacked widespread urban support and faced opposition from major political parties.

1. Robber Barons:
   Wealthy industrialists who exploited workers for personal gain and monopoly power.

2. Captains of Industry:
   Influential business leaders who boosted the economy and modernized industries.

3. Vertical Integration:
   A strategy where a company controls all production steps, reducing costs and improving efficiency.

4. Horizontal Integration:
   A method of consolidating competitors to dominate a specific industry.

5. Social Darwinism:
   A belief that the strongest and fittest businesses or individuals would naturally succeed.

6. Why was the Sherman Antitrust Act not enforced for ten years?
   The government lacked the will and resources to challenge powerful monopolies initially.

7. Purpose of labor unions:
   Labor unions sought to improve wages, hours, and working conditions for workers.

8. Why does the KOL labor union fail?
   The Knights of Labor failed due to internal conflicts and association with violence like the Haymarket Riot.

9. Why does the IWW labor union fail?
   The Industrial Workers of the World failed due to government suppression and radical views.

10. Why does the AFL succeed?
    The American Federation of Labor succeeded by focusing on skilled workers and practical goals.

11. Why did some poor citizens believe in Socialism?
    Socialism promised fair wealth distribution and better rights for workers.

12. Haymarket Riot:
    A labor protest in Chicago turned violent, leading to anti-union sentiments.

13. Homestead Strike:
    A violent labor dispute at Carnegie Steel over wage cuts and union-busting efforts.

14. Pullman Strike:
    A nationwide railroad strike that highlighted tensions between labor and management.

15. What do the above labor strikes demonstrate about the working class in the U.S.?
    They reveal widespread worker dissatisfaction and the struggle for labor rights.

16. Immigration: Push Factors:
    Push factors included poverty, war, and persecution in home countries.

17. Immigration: Pull Factors:
    Pull factors included job opportunities, freedom, and the promise of a better life.

18. Why were some immigrants quarantined?
    Immigrants were quarantined to prevent the spread of diseases like smallpox and cholera.

19. Causes of Industrialism

The causes of industrialism included technological advancements, abundant natural resources, a growing labor force, increased capital investment, and the expansion of transportation networks like railroads.