Lesson 2: Historical Context of The Emergence of Each Discipline.

Historical Context of Disciplines

• Understanding the historical context is essential to analyze the emergence of various academic disciplines.

Activity: Understanding Disciplines

• Question 1: Identify the systematic study of human society.

  • Options:

    • A. Humanities

    • B. Social Science

    • C. Natural Science

• Question 2: Identify academic disciplines studying human culture using analytical and critical methods.

  • Options:

    • A. Humanities

    • B. Social Science

    • C. Natural Science

• Question 3: Identify disciplines that describe, predict, and understand natural phenomena based on empirical evidence.

  • Options:

    • A. Humanities

    • B. Social Science

    • C. Natural Science

Analyze the Branches

• Question 4-5: List at least two branches for the following:

  • Social Science

  • Natural Science

  • Humanities

Performance Standards

• Objective: Connect disciplines with their historical and social foundations.

• Learning Competency: Trace the historical foundations and social contexts leading to the development of each discipline (HUMSS_DIS 11-IIId-4).

Guess Who? (Historical Figures)

Notable Figures in Humanities and Social Sciences

• Herodotus (484 B.C - 425 B.C): Father of History

• Aristotle (384-322 B.C): Political Scientist

• Edward Burnett Taylor (1832-1917): Proponent of Sociocultural Evolution

• Auguste Comte (1798-1857): Philosopher and Founder of Sociology

• Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920): German Psychologist and Father of Modern Psychology

• Eratosthenes (276 B.C - 194 B.C): Greek Geographer

• Adam Smith (1723-1790): Founding Father of Economics

• Ferdinand de Saussure (1857-1913): Swiss Linguist

Historical Foundations by Discipline

Anthropology - Edward Burnett Taylor

• Background: First chair in anthropology at Oxford in 1896; coined “culture.”

  • Historical roots stem from the study of natural history and contact with new civilizations.

History - Herodotus

• Background: Systematic collection of historical narratives; authored "Histories" discussing ancient traditions.

  • Development through Medieval and Renaissance perspectives.

Economics - Adam Smith

• Background: Founder of classical economics; wrote "Wealth of Nations."

  • Evolved as a distinct discipline through economic changes and moral considerations.

Geography - Eratosthenes

• Background: Established geographical principles; calculated Earth's circumference accurately.

  • Ancient Greeks made significant contributions to geographic understanding.

Linguistics - Ferdinand de Saussure

• Background: Advocated for structuralism in linguistics; published foundational texts on language.

  • Early linguistic studies date back to Babylon and the Vedic texts in India.

Political Science - Aristotle

• Background: Laid the groundwork for governance; authored "The Politics."

  • Development traced back to ancient governance systems.

Psychology - Wilhelm Wundt

• Background: Opened the first psychology laboratory; developed methodologies for studying consciousness.

  • Roots in Greek philosophy and natural sciences.

Sociology - Auguste Comte

• Background: Coined the term sociology; focused on applying scientific methods to social life.

  • Developed during the intellectual, scientific, and industrial revolutions of the 19th century.

Presentation Activities

• Group Activities:

  • Group 1: Anthropology & History (News Reporting)

  • Group 2: Economics & Geography (Vlogging)

  • Group 3: Linguistics & Political Science (Talk Show)

  • Group 4: Psychology (Talk Show)

  • Group 5: Sociology & Demography (News Reporting or Vlogging)

Rubric for Group Activities

• Understanding of Topic/Relevance: 20%

• Presentation: 20%

• Cooperation: 10%

• Overall Performance: 50%

Summary of Foundations for Each Discipline

• Anthropology: Emergence linked to exploration and cultural understanding.

• History: Evolved from religious perspectives to objective analyses.

• Economics: Transition from moral obligations of commerce to formal theories.

• Geography: Curiosity about exploration shaped by ancient Greek contributions.

• Linguistics: Roots in philosophical inquiries and ancient texts.

• Political Science: Grounded in governance and law from ancient Greece.

• Psychology: Influence of philosophy and natural sciences in development.

• Sociology: Arises from intellectual and social upheavals of the 19th century.

Upcoming Announcements

• Quiz Next Meeting: Focus on foundational topics including disciplines and their historical backgrounds.