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Mendel worked with pea varieties that differed in seven easily recognizable traits, this can also be referred to as an individual’s phenotype (a trait that can be observed.)
Genotype refers to the two alleles an individual has for a specific trait. The two categories of genotypes are homozygous and heterozygous.
Mendel’s pea population had two distinct phenotypes for each of the seven traits.
A trait is a variant for a character, for example: brown.
True breeding is a term that describes how all of the offspring are of the same variety.
A monohybrid cross describes the mating between two parents that differ in only one trait.
We label the different generations of a cross as: P generation (parents), F1 generation (first filial generation), and F2 generation (second filial generation).
Testcross is a process that is used to assess whether an individual displaying a dominant trait is heterozygous or homozygous

Mendel crossed plants with round seeds and plants with wrinkled seeds.
He observed that all of the F1 offspring had round seeds, and this contradicted the hypothesis of blending inheritance.
The genetic determinant for wrinkled seeds seemed to have disappeared.
Mendel allowed the F1 progeny to self-pollinate and the wrinkled seed trait reappeared in the F2 generation.

Mendel’s Law of Segregation how each individual has a pair of factors for each trait called alleles. The alleles segregate during gamete formation.
each gamete contains only one allele from each pair of factors.
Fertilization gives the offspring two factors for each trait.

Each trait in a pea plant is controlled by two alleles (alternate forms of a gene).
Alleles can be dominant or recessive.
A dihybrid cross was performed involving pea plants that differed in two traits.
The two possible results were: the F2 generation with two phenotypes (identical to the parents) or the F2 generation with four phenotypes.

Each pair of alleles segregates independently of the other pairs.
All possible combinations of alleles can occur in the gametes.
The dihybrid cross always yields a phenotypic ratio of 9:3:3:1 in the F2 generation.

Genetic disorders can be either autosomal or sex-linked.
Autosomal disorders affect autosomes and sex-linked disorders affect the X and Y chromosomes.
To have an autosomal dominant disorder, the individual who has it would either have to have AA or Aa.
Examples of autosomal dominant disorders would be Osteogenesis Imperfecta (“brittle bone disease”) and Hereditary Spherocytosis (causes abnormal red blood cells that hurt easily).
To have an autosomal recessive disorder, the individual who has it would have homozygous recessive alleles (aa).
Examples of autosomal recessive disorders would be Methemoglobinemia and Cystic Fibrosis.

Biology 120 Notes (Part 18) Continuing Genetics

Mendel worked with pea varieties that differed in seven easily recognizable traits, this can also be referred to as an individual’s phenotype (a trait that can be observed.)
Genotype refers to the two alleles an individual has for a specific trait. The two categories of genotypes are homozygous and heterozygous.
Mendel’s pea population had two distinct phenotypes for each of the seven traits.
A trait is a variant for a character, for example: brown.
True breeding is a term that describes how all of the offspring are of the same variety.
A monohybrid cross describes the mating between two parents that differ in only one trait.
We label the different generations of a cross as: P generation (parents), F1 generation (first filial generation), and F2 generation (second filial generation).
Testcross is a process that is used to assess whether an individual displaying a dominant trait is heterozygous or homozygous

Mendel crossed plants with round seeds and plants with wrinkled seeds.
He observed that all of the F1 offspring had round seeds, and this contradicted the hypothesis of blending inheritance.
The genetic determinant for wrinkled seeds seemed to have disappeared.
Mendel allowed the F1 progeny to self-pollinate and the wrinkled seed trait reappeared in the F2 generation.

Mendel’s Law of Segregation how each individual has a pair of factors for each trait called alleles. The alleles segregate during gamete formation.
each gamete contains only one allele from each pair of factors.
Fertilization gives the offspring two factors for each trait.

Each trait in a pea plant is controlled by two alleles (alternate forms of a gene).
Alleles can be dominant or recessive.
A dihybrid cross was performed involving pea plants that differed in two traits.
The two possible results were: the F2 generation with two phenotypes (identical to the parents) or the F2 generation with four phenotypes.

Each pair of alleles segregates independently of the other pairs.
All possible combinations of alleles can occur in the gametes.
The dihybrid cross always yields a phenotypic ratio of 9:3:3:1 in the F2 generation.

Genetic disorders can be either autosomal or sex-linked.
Autosomal disorders affect autosomes and sex-linked disorders affect the X and Y chromosomes.
To have an autosomal dominant disorder, the individual who has it would either have to have AA or Aa.
Examples of autosomal dominant disorders would be Osteogenesis Imperfecta (“brittle bone disease”) and Hereditary Spherocytosis (causes abnormal red blood cells that hurt easily).
To have an autosomal recessive disorder, the individual who has it would have homozygous recessive alleles (aa).
Examples of autosomal recessive disorders would be Methemoglobinemia and Cystic Fibrosis.