I. Acceleration of the Cold War

Displaced peoples lived in camps throughout Europe
Creation of Israel (1948) → 330k Jewish emigration to Palestine
Germany/Austria divided into 4 zones (SU/US/Fr/GB)
East Germany, Hungary, Romania paid SU reparations for the war
Denazification (100k German/Austrian war criminals)
- Reeducation
- Banning swastikas and Mein Kampf
Nuremburg trials: 22 Nazis sentenced under international court

Teheran (Nov 1943): SU liberate east, GB/US liberate west
- Early discussions about plans after the war
Yalta (Feb 1943): Divide & occupy Germany, German reparations to SU, free elections as long as friendly to SU in eastern Europe (not really free)
Potsdam (July 1945): Truman demanded (actual) free elections, Stalin refused
- Truman more aggressive than FDR
Stalin: created communist puppet buffer-states to avoid German invasion
- Stalin = paranoid of another invasion
- Feared west after seeing Japanese surrender from atomic bombing
US: created democratic, capitalistic states in western Europe

Sept 1945: Truman cut off all aid to SU, Churchill declared “iron curtain” (Mar 1946)
- Containment of communism
Czechoslovakia Stalinized + communists in west = red scare (fear)
Truman Doctrine (1947): contain communism where it is
- Diplomatic, economic, and military means to contain communism
- Aid provided to Greece and Turkey to fend off communist threats
1949 SU showed the world its first atomic bomb → west scare
- US increased military spending
Marshall Plan: $13B in foreign aid to Europe, SU used COMECON to rebuild east