Stanley Unit 4 C2 Test

Unit 4 Chapter 2 Study Guide

People

• Calvin Coolidge – U.S. president known for his pro-business policies and limited government intervention in the economy.

• Franklin Delano Roosevelt – 32nd U.S. president who led the country through the Great Depression with the New Deal programs.

• Herbert Hoover – 31st U.S. president during the Great Depression; believed in “rugged individualism.”

• Ernest Hemingway – A famous writer of the 1920s, known for A Farewell to Arms.

• F. Scott Fitzgerald – A key writer of the 1920s, known for The Great Gatsby.

• Langston Hughes – A leading poet and writer of the Harlem Renaissance.

• Marcus Garvey – A Black nationalist leader who promoted the “Back to Africa” movement.

• Zora Neal Hurston – A writer associated with the Harlem Renaissance.

• Henry Ford – Revolutionized the automobile industry with mass production and the Model T Ford.

• Al Capone – A famous gangster who profited from illegal alcohol sales during Prohibition.

• Huey P. Long – A politician who criticized Roosevelt’s New Deal, proposing a “Share Our Wealth” program.

• Eleanor Roosevelt – First Lady who was a key advocate for social programs and the poor.

Amendments

• 18th Amendment – Enacted Prohibition, banning the sale and production of alcohol.

• 21st Amendment – Repealed Prohibition (18th Amendment).

• 19th Amendment – Gave women the right to vote.

• 22nd Amendment – Limited the U.S. president to two terms in office.

Legislation and The Great Depression

• Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) – A New Deal program providing jobs in environmental projects.

• Works Progress Administration (WPA) – A New Deal program that provided jobs in public works, such as building roads and schools.

• Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) – A New Deal law that paid farmers to reduce production.

• Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) – Created to insure bank deposits and restore trust in banks.

• Social Security Act – Established a system of pensions for the elderly and unemployment benefits.

• National Recovery Administration (NRA) – Designed to regulate industries and set fair wages/prices.

• Indian Reorganization Act – Aimed to reverse Native American assimilation policies and restore tribal governance.

• Reed Johnson Immigration Act – Limited immigration by setting quotas for different countries.

• The Gentleman’s Agreement – An informal agreement restricting Japanese immigration to the U.S.

• The Dust Bowl – A period of severe dust storms that damaged farmland in the Great Plains.

• The New Deal – A series of programs and policies introduced by Roosevelt to address the Great Depression.

• Hoovervilles – Shantytowns built by homeless people during the Great Depression.

• The Bonus Army – A group of World War I veterans who marched to Washington, D.C., demanding early payment of their promised bonuses.

• Black Tuesday – The stock market crash of October 29, 1929, marking the start of the Great Depression.

Events, Terms, and Other Concepts

• Harlem Renaissance – A cultural movement celebrating Black art, literature, and music in the 1920s.

• Radio – A major new source of entertainment and communication in the 1920s.

• Movies – Films, especially those with sound (“talkies”), became a popular form of entertainment.

• The Chicago Defender – An influential Black newspaper that encouraged the Great Migration.

• “Rugged Individualism” – Hoover’s belief that individuals should take care of themselves without government aid.

• Jim Crow Laws – State and local laws enforcing racial segregation.

• Jazz and Blues – Popular music styles associated with the Harlem Renaissance.