Stanley Unit 4 C2 Test

Unit 4 Chapter 2 Study Guide

People

Calvin Coolidge – U.S. president known for his pro-business policies and limited government intervention in the economy.

Franklin Delano Roosevelt – 32nd U.S. president who led the country through the Great Depression with the New Deal programs.

Herbert Hoover – 31st U.S. president during the Great Depression; believed in “rugged individualism.”

Ernest Hemingway – A famous writer of the 1920s, known for A Farewell to Arms.

F. Scott Fitzgerald – A key writer of the 1920s, known for The Great Gatsby.

Langston Hughes – A leading poet and writer of the Harlem Renaissance.

Marcus Garvey – A Black nationalist leader who promoted the “Back to Africa” movement.

Zora Neal Hurston – A writer associated with the Harlem Renaissance.

Henry Ford – Revolutionized the automobile industry with mass production and the Model T Ford.

Al Capone – A famous gangster who profited from illegal alcohol sales during Prohibition.

Huey P. Long – A politician who criticized Roosevelt’s New Deal, proposing a “Share Our Wealth” program.

Eleanor Roosevelt – First Lady who was a key advocate for social programs and the poor.

Amendments

18th Amendment – Enacted Prohibition, banning the sale and production of alcohol.

21st Amendment – Repealed Prohibition (18th Amendment).

19th Amendment – Gave women the right to vote.

22nd Amendment – Limited the U.S. president to two terms in office.

Legislation and The Great Depression

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) – A New Deal program providing jobs in environmental projects.

Works Progress Administration (WPA) – A New Deal program that provided jobs in public works, such as building roads and schools.

Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) – A New Deal law that paid farmers to reduce production.

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) – Created to insure bank deposits and restore trust in banks.

Social Security Act – Established a system of pensions for the elderly and unemployment benefits.

National Recovery Administration (NRA) – Designed to regulate industries and set fair wages/prices.

Indian Reorganization Act – Aimed to reverse Native American assimilation policies and restore tribal governance.

Reed Johnson Immigration Act – Limited immigration by setting quotas for different countries.

The Gentleman’s Agreement – An informal agreement restricting Japanese immigration to the U.S.

The Dust Bowl – A period of severe dust storms that damaged farmland in the Great Plains.

The New Deal – A series of programs and policies introduced by Roosevelt to address the Great Depression.

Hoovervilles – Shantytowns built by homeless people during the Great Depression.

The Bonus Army – A group of World War I veterans who marched to Washington, D.C., demanding early payment of their promised bonuses.

Black Tuesday – The stock market crash of October 29, 1929, marking the start of the Great Depression.

Events, Terms, and Other Concepts

Harlem Renaissance – A cultural movement celebrating Black art, literature, and music in the 1920s.

Radio – A major new source of entertainment and communication in the 1920s.

Movies – Films, especially those with sound (“talkies”), became a popular form of entertainment.

The Chicago Defender – An influential Black newspaper that encouraged the Great Migration.

“Rugged Individualism” – Hoover’s belief that individuals should take care of themselves without government aid.

Jim Crow Laws – State and local laws enforcing racial segregation.

Jazz and Blues – Popular music styles associated with the Harlem Renaissance.

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