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Wheelchairs - NURS1202_Nursing Foundations 1-25JANMNFS1

Wheelchairs

A wheelchair is an assistive device designed primarily for clients who are non-ambulatory, or those needing to minimize fatigue due to health conditions or disabilities. The proper wheelchair can significantly enhance mobility, independence, and quality of life.

Types of Wheelchairs:

  1. Self-propelled Wheelchairs:

    • Description: Moved by the client using their arms to push the wheels.

    • Use: Ideal for clients with sufficient upper body strength to maneuver independently.

    • Benefits: Encourages physical activity and independence.

  2. Motor-propelled Wheelchairs:

    • Description: Operated using electric mechanisms that allow for movement without physical exertion by the user.

    • Use: Suitable for clients who cannot engage physically due to severe disabilities.

    • Benefits: Provides greater freedom and mobility for users but requires access to charging points.

  3. Pushed Wheelchairs:

    • Description: Maneuvered by another person, commonly referred to as a caregiver or aide.

    • Use: Often employed for individuals with limited upper body strength or those who need assistance.

    • Benefits: Enhanced mobility for those who cannot self-propel.

Importance of Measurement and Adjustment:

  • It is crucial to properly measure and adjust wheelchairs specifically for each client to ensure comfort, safety, and efficiency in mobility. A well-fitted wheelchair can help avoid pressure sores, improve posture, and facilitate better movements.

Manual Wheelchairs:

  • Description: Manual wheelchairs are propelled either by the client or by someone pushing from behind. They are significantly lighter than motorized alternatives.

  • Categories of Manual Wheelchairs:

    1. Folding Wheelchairs:

      • Lightweight and portable.

      • Easy to transport and store.

      • Useful for clients who may experience fatigue or weakness as they can easily be folded and handled by caregivers.

      • Versatile designs with adjustable and removable parts for custom fit.

    2. Sports Wheelchairs:

      • Specifically designed for various sports activities including basketball and racing.

      • Very lightweight, enhancing speed and agility.

      • Tailored features include durable frames and specialized wheel designs to improve performance.

    3. Positioning Chairs:

      • Provides additional support for clients with complex positioning needs due to neurological conditions or significant physical disabilities.

      • Offers customizable options to enhance comfort and correct posture.

Electric or Power Wheelchairs:

  • Description: These are used by clients who are unable to propel a manual wheelchair but can operate one safely through various controls.

  • Use: Allows users to maintain independence without needing constant assistance to move from place to place.

  • Operating Mechanisms:

    • Joystick: The most common control method, allowing easy maneuvering.

    • Chin Control: For those without hand use, controls are operated with chin movements.

    • Head Array: Sensors detect head movements to control direction.

    • Mouth Controls: Utilizing mouth-operated switches for navigation.

  • Maintenance: Requires regular battery recharging, and caregivers should ensure that users understand the controls and are familiar with the manufacturer’s instructions for effective assistance and safety.