Civil Rights Movements

American Indian Movement (AIM)

• Inspired by the Black Civil Rights Movement, founded in 1968.

• Fought for treaty rights (e.g., 1868 Fort Laramie Treaty) and to preserve Native American culture and religion.

• Addressed issues like Indian schools and the Dawes Act.

• Adopted direct action tactics, such as occupying Alcatraz and the Mayflower.

• Occupied Mount Rushmore to highlight the native land.

• Advocated for the Indian Child Welfare Act and the Indian Religious Freedom Act.

• Sought repatriation of Native American remains and artifacts (NAGPRA).

Stonewall Riots and the Pride Movement

• Being gay was criminalized and considered a mental illness until 1974.

• The Stonewall riots in 1969 marked a turning point, led by figures like Marsha P. Johnson and Sylvia Rivera.

• The riots sparked a push for LGBTQ+ rights and recognition.

• Gay Pride parades and organizations emerged.

• Homosexuality was removed from the DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) in 1973.

• Initial pushback included California Proposition 6 and discomfort with LGBTQ+ issues.

• The AIDS crisis in the 1970s and 1980s had a devastating impact on the gay community.

• The Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) was passed, restricting same-sex marriage.

• The Obergefell v. Hodges Supreme Court decision in 2014 legalized gay marriage nationwide.

Second Wave Feminism

• Inspired by the Civil Rights Movement.

• Focused on equal pay for women.