During meiosis, each parent contributes one gene for each trait.
Law of Independent Assortment: Different traits assort independently during gamete formation, meaning traits such as plant height and seed color segregate independently.
Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance: Genes are located on chromosomes, and chromosomes' behavior during meiosis explains inheritance patterns.
Meiosis leads to the production of four genetically unique haploid daughter cells, each with half the chromosome number of the parent (diploid cells).
This relates to Mendel's laws, specifically the Law of Segregation: Each parent can pass on only one gene for each trait to their offspring.
During Metaphase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes randomly align at the cell's center.
The random alignment of these chromosomes accounts for the law of independent assortment, as it determines which chromosome goes to which daughter cell during Anaphase I.
Some alleles are neither dominant nor recessive, and multiple alleles or genes can control traits.
Examples of traits that do not fit Mendelian genetics: hair color, eye color, height, and certain genetic conditions.
Incomplete Dominance: The heterozygous phenotype is a blend of the two homozygous phenotypes (e.g., red and white flowers producing pink flowers).
Codominance: Both alleles are fully expressed in the phenotype (e.g., AB blood type).
Example: Curly hair (HH) is incompletely dominant to straight hair (h'h'), leading to wavy hair (Hh).
Creating Punnett squares for crosses involving incomplete dominance and codominance to determine genotypic and phenotypic ratios.
Example: Cross of wavy hair individuals results in a genotypic ratio of 1:2:1 (HH:Hh:h'h') and a phenotypic ratio of 1:2:1 (curly:wavy:straight).
Blood types illustrate both codominance and multiple alleles.
Blood type A (IAi) and B (IBi) can produce types A, B, AB, or O in children.
Agglutinogens on red blood cells determine compatibility in blood transfusions.
Important to note that O blood has no agglutinogens, and AB blood has both.
Sex chromosomes: Males (XY) and females (XX); the Y chromosome has fewer genes.
X-linked traits can be expressed in males with one recessive allele, whereas females require two recessive alleles to express the trait.
Ex: Color blindness is a common practice example for X-linked inheritance.
Understanding blood types to determine potential parent-child relationships in case of mix-ups (e.g., hospital scenarios).
Utilize Punnett squares to analyze genetic crosses.
Recognize linked traits that tend to be inherited together, such as hair and eye color.
Recording-2025-02-24T00_42_23.193Z
During meiosis, each parent contributes one gene for each trait.
Law of Independent Assortment: Different traits assort independently during gamete formation, meaning traits such as plant height and seed color segregate independently.
Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance: Genes are located on chromosomes, and chromosomes' behavior during meiosis explains inheritance patterns.
Meiosis leads to the production of four genetically unique haploid daughter cells, each with half the chromosome number of the parent (diploid cells).
This relates to Mendel's laws, specifically the Law of Segregation: Each parent can pass on only one gene for each trait to their offspring.
During Metaphase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes randomly align at the cell's center.
The random alignment of these chromosomes accounts for the law of independent assortment, as it determines which chromosome goes to which daughter cell during Anaphase I.
Some alleles are neither dominant nor recessive, and multiple alleles or genes can control traits.
Examples of traits that do not fit Mendelian genetics: hair color, eye color, height, and certain genetic conditions.
Incomplete Dominance: The heterozygous phenotype is a blend of the two homozygous phenotypes (e.g., red and white flowers producing pink flowers).
Codominance: Both alleles are fully expressed in the phenotype (e.g., AB blood type).
Example: Curly hair (HH) is incompletely dominant to straight hair (h'h'), leading to wavy hair (Hh).
Creating Punnett squares for crosses involving incomplete dominance and codominance to determine genotypic and phenotypic ratios.
Example: Cross of wavy hair individuals results in a genotypic ratio of 1:2:1 (HH:Hh:h'h') and a phenotypic ratio of 1:2:1 (curly:wavy:straight).
Blood types illustrate both codominance and multiple alleles.
Blood type A (IAi) and B (IBi) can produce types A, B, AB, or O in children.
Agglutinogens on red blood cells determine compatibility in blood transfusions.
Important to note that O blood has no agglutinogens, and AB blood has both.
Sex chromosomes: Males (XY) and females (XX); the Y chromosome has fewer genes.
X-linked traits can be expressed in males with one recessive allele, whereas females require two recessive alleles to express the trait.
Ex: Color blindness is a common practice example for X-linked inheritance.
Understanding blood types to determine potential parent-child relationships in case of mix-ups (e.g., hospital scenarios).
Utilize Punnett squares to analyze genetic crosses.
Recognize linked traits that tend to be inherited together, such as hair and eye color.