Renaissance Period

• Artists valued the "individual" as a subject of arts.

Baroque Period

• Characterized by exaggerated motion, drama, tension, and grandeur.

• Notable artists: Caravaggio, Bernini, and Rubens.

Age of Genius

• Known as the "Age of Genius" for great artistic and intellectual achievements.

• Birth of secular art focused on realistic and humanistic themes.

Iconic Artworks of the Period

• Famous artworks include:

  • "Mona Lisa"

  • "Last Supper"

  • "David"

Arts of the Neoclassic and Romantic Periods

Neoclassicism

• Emerged in the mid-18th century as a rejection of Rococo and late Baroque styles.

• Partnered with Romanticism, introducing modern approaches opposed to traditional styles.

• Flourished across Western Europe and the U.S. from the late 18th to 19th centuries.

• The term originates from Greek "neos" (new) and Latin "classicus" (first class).

Characteristics of Neoclassicism

• Influenced by Ancient Greece and Rome in decorative and visual arts, literature, theater, music, and architecture.

• Coincided with the 18th-century Age of Reason or Enlightenment.

• Emphasis on:

  • Portrayal of Roman history

  • Formal composition

  • Use of diagonals to show peak emotions

  • Historical accuracy in classical themes and settings.

Neoclassical Artists

• Jacques-Louis David (1748-1825)

  • French painter regarded as the preeminent Neoclassical artist.

  • Major works:

    • "The Death of Marat"

    • "Napoleon Crossing the Alps"

    • "Oath of the Horatii"

• Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres (1780-1867)

  • Pupil of David, known for portraits and mythological themes.

  • Major works:

    • "Portrait of Napoléon on the Imperial Throne"

    • "The Apotheosis of Homer"

Neoclassical Sculptors

• Antonio Canova (1757-1822)

  • Renowned Italian sculptor, famous for marble sculptures.

  • Major works:

    • "Psyche Awakened by Cupid’s Kiss"

    • "Washington"

• Bertel Thorvaldsen (1789-1838)

  • Internationally acclaimed Danish artist.

  • Major works:

    • "Christ"

    • "Lion of Lucerne"

Neoclassical Architecture

• Originated in the mid-18th century, marked by a shift from Rococo styles.

• Principles derived from Classical Greece and Rome, particularly Andrea Palladio.

Types of Neoclassical Architecture

• Temple Style: Based on ancient temples with peristyle features.

  • Example buildings:

    • Pantheon

    • British Museum

• Palladian Style: Inspired by Andrea Palladio’s villa construction, includes balustrades.

  • Key architect: Robert Adam, designer of significant civic buildings like the White House.

• Classical Block Style: Rectangular plan with classical details, also known as "Beaux-Arts style."

  • Notable architects: Henri Labrouste, Charles Garnier.

Romanticism

• A movement that broke new ground in expressing emotion, highlighted themes of history, supernatural elements, social injustices, and nature.

• Characteristics include:

  • Emotional extremes

  • Celebrated nature

  • Dramatic compositions

Romantic Painting

• Emphasized emotion and passion on canvas.

• Notable painters:

  • Jean-Louis Théodore Géricault (1791-1824)

    • Famous works:

      • "The Raft of the Medusa"

      • "Charging Chasseur"

      • "Insane Woman"

  • Eugène Delacroix (1798-1863)

    • Known for vivid visual effects and influence on Romanticism.

    • Major work:

      • "Liberty Leading the People"

  • Francisco Goya (1746-1828)

    • Known as the last of the Old Masters and the first of the Moderns.

    • Major works:

      • "The Third of May"

      • "Saturn Devouring His Son"

Romantic Sculpture

• Divided into humanistic and natural themes. Leading sculptors were Rude and Barye.

• Notable works:

  • François Rude: "Departure of the Volunteers"

  • Antoine-Louis Barye: Known for animal sculptures.

Gothic Revival Architecture (Neogothic)

• Architectural movement beginning in the late 1740s.

• Associated with non-defensive structures referred to as "castles."

• Notable architects include Charles Barry and James Renwick.

Neoclassicism and Romanticism in the Philippines

• Influences seen through major artworks and architecture.

• Notable artists:

  • Félix Resurrección Hidalgo: "The Christian Virgins Being Exposed"

  • Juan Luna: "Spoliarium"

  • Fernando Cueto Amorsolo: Known for his mastery in light and painting rural landscapes.

  • Guillermo Estrella Tolentino: Notable sculptures include "Oblation" and other key pieces.

Performance Task in Arts 9

Activity: "Take Me Back to the Past: A Tableau"

• Create a tableau based on a Neoclassical or Romantic artwork.

• Group activity encouraged with family participation.