CH 4 Slides Med Term (copy)

Chapter Overview

• Title: The Skeletal System: The Essentials of the Language of Orthopedics

• Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education

• Copyright Year: 2021

Learning Outcomes

• After studying this chapter, you will be able to:

  • LO 4.1: Construct and analyze medical terms related to the skeletal system.

  • LO 4.2: Spell and pronounce medical terms accurately.

  • LO 4.3: Define abbreviations related to the skeletal system.

  • LO 4.4: Relate types and structures of bones to their functions.

  • LO 4.5: Describe causes, appearances, diagnosis, treatment of bone and joint disorders.

  • LO 4.6: Identify structures of the axial skeleton and related disorders.

  • LO 4.7: Describe bones and joints of the shoulder girdle and upper limb.

  • LO 4.8: Relate pelvic girdle and hip joint structures to their functions and disorders.

  • LO 4.9: Relate knee joint, ankle, and foot structures to their functions and disorders.

  • LO 4.10: Specify diagnostic and therapeutic procedures for bone disorders.

  • LO 4.11: Apply knowledge of skeletal medical terms to documentation.

  • LO 4.12: Translate medical terms into everyday language for patient communication.

Key Components of the Skeletal System

• Health Professionals Involved:

  • Orthopedic surgeons

  • Osteopathic physicians

  • Chiropractors

  • Physical therapists

  • Orthopedic technologists

  • Podiatrists

• Components:

  • Bones

  • Cartilage

  • Tendons

  • Ligaments

• Functions:

  • Support

  • Protection

  • Blood formation

  • Mineral storage

  • Detoxification

  • Endocrine regulation

Word Analysis and Definitions

Medical Terms

• Chiropractic: pertains to chiropractic care.

• Chiropractor: a doer in chiropractic practice.

• Detoxification: the process of removing toxic substances.

• Musculoskeletal: pertaining to muscles and bones.

• Orthopedist: a specialist in musculoskeletal conditions.

• Osteopathy: a disease of bones.

Latin Terms

• Cartilage: firm connective tissue in joints.

• Ligament: fibrous tissue connecting structures.

• Muscle: contractile tissue.

• Tendon: fibrous bands connecting muscle to bone.

Classification of Bones

1. Long Bones: Example - femur.

2. Short Bones: Example - patella.

3. Flat Bones: Example - skull.

4. Irregular Bones: Example - vertebrae.

Bone Diseases and Disorders

• Normal Bone vs. Osteoporotic Bone

• Osteogenesis: bone formation.

• Osteomalacia: softening of bones.

• Osteomyelitis: inflammation of bone or bone marrow.

• Osteopenia: decreased calcification.

• Osteoporosis: porous and brittle bone condition.

Axial Skeleton

• Structure: vertebral column including vertebrae, intervertebral discs, and spinal cord.

• Curvatures:

  • Kyphosis: posterior curvature of the spine.

  • Scoliosis: lateral curvature of the spine.

Skull and Face Definitions

• Cranium: the upper part of the skull.

• Mandible: the lower jawbone.

• Maxilla: the upper jawbone.

• Zygoma: cheekbone.

Shoulder Girdle and Upper Limb

Common Disorders

• Shoulder Separation: dislocation of the AC joint.

• Shoulder Subluxation: incomplete dislocation.

• Tennis Elbow: tears in ligaments and muscle tendons.

• Bursitis: inflammation of the synovial fluid sac.

Hip and Pelvic Girdle

Functions

• Supports axial skeleton and transmits weight to lower limbs.

• Protects internal organs.

Disorders

• Sacroiliac Joint Strain: wear and tear causing lower back pain.

• Diastasis Symphysis Pubis: painful widening of the pubic joint.

Diagnostic Procedures for Bone Disorders

• Bone Mineral Density (BMD): using DEXA scan.

• Nuclear Bone Scan: imaging with radioactive substances.

• Blood Tests: measuring serum calcium and phosphate levels.

• Biopsy: examining bone tissue.

Therapeutic Procedures

• Surgery: for tumor removal.

• Chemotherapy: in treatment of cancers.

• Radiotherapy: using high energy X-rays.

• Cryosurgery: utilizing liquid nitrogen for cancer cell destruction.

Final Words

• The skeleton supports and protects organ systems.

• Understanding anatomy is vital for documentation and communication in health care settings.