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AP Psychology Study Guides
AP Psychology Ultimate Guide
Unit 1: Biological Bases of Behavior
Unit 2: Cognition
Unit 3: Development and Learning
Unit 4: Social Psychology and Personality
Unit 5: Mental and Physical Health
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Unit 5: Cognitive Psychology
❓
AP PSYCH 5.5 Forgetting and Memory Distortion
Forgetting
Forgetting can occur when encoding was not done well enough
The connections keeping that memory there decay and it can no longer be retrieved
We may also fail to retrieve a memory if the connections are not strong enough and cues are not helpful enough
Like a word on the tip of your tongue
Storage Decay
Ebbinghaus developed the ‘forgetting curve’ to predict at what point something is forgotten
He memorized nonsense syllables and measured at what point he forgot them over a couple days
There was a steep drop-off of recall initially, which then leveled out
Retrieval Failure
When information is stored but not accessible
Can affect retrospective memory which is looking back at previous information
Also affects prospective memory
This is memory of something in the future
Can be assisted with retrieval cues
Like remembering an event you have to attend or medicine you take each morning
Interference
Proactive Interference
Prior information disrupts new learning
Learning a new language may be very hard when you keep thinking back to your native language
Retroactive Interference
New information disrupts prior learning
Or rather, the new language you’re learning is popping up in your native speech
Amnesia
Retrograde Amnesia
Inability to remember past information or experiences
Procedures to make new memories remain
Anterograde Amnesia
Inability to form new memories
Often relates to damage to the hippocampus
Source Amnesia
Attributing an experience to the wrong source
Quite common
Ways to Improve Memory
Make new information meaningful with links and associations
Distribute practice
Activate retrieval cues
Use the testing effect
Chunk information
Use mnemonics
Get good and consistent sleep
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AP Psychology Study Guides
AP Psychology Ultimate Guide
Unit 1: Biological Bases of Behavior
Unit 2: Cognition
Unit 3: Development and Learning
Unit 4: Social Psychology and Personality
Unit 5: Mental and Physical Health
Studying for another AP Exam?
Check out our other AP study guides
Top Exams
AP English Language and Composition
AP Biology
AP United States History