Population Control and Migration (Geography)

Population Control and Migration

Population Control

Lowering birth rates- education and healthcare

• Women are able to get an education therefore they are able to take control of their lives
• Women can gain a better understanding of reproductive rights and make their own choices regarding contraceptives
• Better technology helps people gain knowledge about diseases, immunization, and pre-natal care
• Since the survival of infants has increased, women can make more effective choices and limit the number of children they have
• Latin America, South Asia, and Southwest Asia have a decline in CBR due to women having all of these opportunities

Lowering birth rates- contraception and family planning

• The government puts contraceptives into place so that families can plan out their kids rather than having them unexpectedly
• In developing countries, there are more women than contraceptive options, so they can’t access them easily
• In Bangladesh, 56 percent of women use contraceptives, along with Columbia, Morocco, and Thailand
• Contraceptives are less evident in places like Sub-Saharan Africa, fewer than one-fourth of women have access to them

Population Policies

• Pronatalist- policies that try to increase birth rates
• Pro immigration- policies meant to attract foreign people
• Antinatalist- policies that discourage having kids
• Antiimmigration- policies that try to limit immigration

Migration Transition

Immigration- to live permanently in a foreign country 

Emigration- to leave a native country permanently 

Stage 1

High daily or seasonal mobility in search of food.

Stage 2

High international emigration and international migration from rural to urban areas.

Stage 3 and 4

High international immigration from cities to suburbs.

Distance of Migration

Ravensteins 2 laws

• Most migrants relocate a short distance and stay in their country
• Long distance migrants who are going to different countries usually move to urban areas

Internal migration- permanent move within the country

International migration- permanent move outside the country

Types of Internal Migration

• Interregional migration- movement from one region to another
• Intraregional migration- movement within the region

International Migration Patterns

Largest Migration flows

• Asia to Europe
• Asia to North America
• Latin America to North America

Other notes

• The United States is populated by a lot of people from Asia and Mexico
• Countries in Stage 3 are the most likely to send out immigrants to more developed countries
• China, India, Philippines and Vietnam have the most immigrants
• Many people from Mexico managed to get visas without documents
• Although the reasons people are migrating are the same, they are all coming from different places

Interregional Migration

Population Center

The population center shows the average location of everyone in the country.

Other notes

• Biggest interregional migration in the United States is the opening of the West
• There was better land, a warmer climate, and more job opportunities
• People mainly headed to California because of the gold rush
• A hindering factor is that the land wasn’t flat
• Railroads helped make going over this land easier

Migration Between Regions

Russia

• Most people migrate to the Western European part of the country
• The North has a very harsh and cold climate that is hard to live on 
• The government brings in volunteers to help with construction

Canada

• Moving from East to West
• People were searching for gold
• They used horses and carriages to travel

China

• Moving East towards cities
• There are a lot more factory jobs in those areas
• At first the government tried to stop the moves, but those rules were eventually revoked

Brazil

• People live in cities across the coast
• It is very attractive and has a good climate
• To bring people inside the country, the government moved the location of the capital

Intraregional Migration

Urbanization

To turn an area into a place where a lot of people live and work.

Ex: The number of people living in urban areas increased by 5 percent in 1800, 50 percent in 1920, and 80 percent in 2010.

Suburbanization

To leave the city and settle nearby and make smaller towns and cities.

Ex: Twice as many people moce from cities to suburbs as they move from suburbs to cities.

Counter Urbanization

To leave urban areas for rural areas.

Ex: Colorado, Idaho, Utah, and Wyoming are rural areas in the United States people like to move to.

Push and Pull Factors

Economic

Push: Low payment and poor income

Pull: Areas with good high paying jobs

Enviormental 

Push: Dangerous enviorment, floods and droughts

Pull: Attractive, mountains, sea, warmth

Political

Push: Slavery, Refugees, Asylum seekers

Pull: Freedom