Review Flashcards
Eastern Orthodox Church
- Emerged around 1500 AD.
- The end of the Byzantine era is marked by the fall of Constantinople in 1453.
Roman Catholic Church
Protestant Church
- Protestant churches are divided into groups like Methodist, Baptist, Pentecostals, etc.
Wesleyan Quadrilateral
- Four sources for theological understanding:
- Scripture: The primary source of authority.
- Tradition: Christian teachings through time.
- Reason: Using logic and critical thinking.
- Experience: Personal engagement with the world and faith.
Regula Fidei (Rule of Faith)
- The Trinitarian foundation is evident: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.
Council of Nicaea (AD 325)
- The Trinitarian issue began when Arius was troubled by the bishop in Alexandria.
- Arius believed that the Son was not equal to the Father, but only the Father was truly God.
- Athanasius believed the Son and Father are of the exact same essence.
- What Christians have historically affirmed.
- Compromised on "homoousion" meaning of similar nature.
Council of Constantinople (AD 381)
- The Council of Nicaea ruled that the Father and Son have the same nature ("homoousion").
- This council included extensive discussion about the Holy Spirit.
Macrion
- Advocated a complete separation from anything material.
- Proposed that God is not limited to a single persona, like an actor playing many parts.
- God reveals himself through nature, prophetic actions, scripture, and miracles.
Biblical Canon
- Used to measure and standardize truth.
- Old Testament has 39 books.
- New Testament has 27 books.
Apocrypha
- Means "hidden."
- All Protestant Bibles until the 1800s included the Apocrypha.
Canonicity
- Inspired:Believed to be communicated by God's voice.
- Apostolic: Written by apostles or close associates.
- Catholic: Recognized and used universally by churches in the ancient world.
- Orthodox: Aligning with the church's historic teaching.
Transcendence
- God is almighty and stands apart from creation, not depending on it.
Immanence
- God is engaged with creation and present in time and space.
Providence
- God's governance over the world.
Dualism
- Mind and body are separate.
Views of Creation
- Cosmology: The study of the nature of the universe.
- Cosmogony: The study of how the universe began.
- Young Earth Creationism: God created the earth thousands of years ago with the appearance of age.
- Old Earth Creationism: God created the earth progressively over billions of years but created Adam and Eve more recently.
- Evolutionary Creationism: God created the earth through evolution.
Jesus in Alexandria
- Figures like Athanasius (AD 378-444) confronted groups like the Novatians (who were seen as too strict).
Adoptionism
- The view saying that Jesus, the Son, was adopted by God.
Messianic Expectations
- Old Testament expectations
- New Testament expectations
Divine Nature
- Jesus incarnate is fully divine and fully human.
Apollinarianism
- Argues Jesus was fully divine but only had a human body, not a human soul.
Nestorianism
- The Divine Son and human Jesus are distinct.
Charismatic Movement
- 3 waves of outpouring of the Spirit.
- Embrace of charismatic life.
- Embrace of signs and wonders.
Filioque Controversy
- Eastern Church vs. Western Church.
- Debate was over the Holy Spirit and the use of leavened bread in Holy Communion.
Reformation Figures
- Martin Luther, John Calvin, Ulrich Zwingli.
Views of Humanity
- Substantive View: Humans possess a unique essence or soul.
- Functional View: God creates humans in His image so they may rule over His creation as stewards.
Pelagius
- No corruption; not liable to sin.
Augustine
- Corruption and inclination toward sin from Adam.
Original Sin
- Each person's accountability before God for sin.
- Sin of Adam.
- Total depravity: Incapable of achieving salvation or turning to God apart from grace because of sin.
Salvation/Redemption
- How God fixed what sin broke.
- Abrahamic Covenant (Genesis).
- Mosaic Covenant (Exodus, Deuteronomy).
- Davidic Covenant (2 Samuel, Psalms).
- New Covenant (Jeremiah 31, Ezekiel).
- Divine Restitution and Victory over evil powers.
- Ransom.
- Christus Victor.
- Recapitulation.
- Transforming vision and moral influence.
Monergism vs. Synergism
- Synergism: Divine and human wills work together.
- Monergism: Salvation is God's work alone.
Soteriological Terms
- Exclusivism: Only those who have faith in Jesus are saved.
- Inclusivism: Salvation is possible through other means, but faith in Jesus is still superior and ultimately needed.
- Pluralism: All religions are equal paths to ultimate.
Eschatology (End Times)
- Annihilationism: Punishment is real, but those separated from God will cease to exist.
- Universalism: All will ultimately be reconciled with God.
- Already and Not Yet: The Kingdom is here but not fully realized.
- Intermediate State: Time between death and resurrection where the body and soul separate; they reunite later.