Unit 9 Westward Expansion and Reform Packet 2024

Abolition: Movement aimed at ending slavery.
Annexation of Texas: Texas joined the US, leading to tensions with Mexico.
Care of the Disabled and Mentally Ill: Reforms initiated for better treatment.
Education: Expansion and reform of public education.
Gadsden Purchase: Acquired land from Mexico to facilitate a southern railroad.
Gold Rush: Massive migration triggered by the discovery of gold at Sutter’s Mill in 1848.
Louisiana Purchase (1803): Land acquisition from France, doubling the size of the US.
Manifest Destiny: Belief that US expansion across the continent was preordained.
Mexican Cession: Land obtained from Mexico including California and New Mexico.
Mormon Migration: Movement of Mormons seeking religious freedom.
Northwest Ordinance: Established procedures for territories to become states.
Oregon Territory: Acquired as part of the expansion westward.
Prisons: Reforms aimed at improving conditions in prisons.
Purchase of Florida: Acquired from Spain (Adams-Onis Treaty).
Second Great Awakening: Religious revival which spurred social reforms.
Seneca Falls Convention: First women's rights convention.
Temperance Movement: Advocated for the reduction or prohibition of alcohol.
Transcendentalism: Philosophical movement promoting individual intuition.
U.S.-Mexican War: Conflict over territory resulting in significant land gain.
Women’s Rights Movement: Efforts aimed at securing equal rights for women.

Brigham Young: Leader of the Mormon migration to Utah.
Dorothea Dix: Advocate for the mentally ill and prison reform.
Edgar Allan Poe: Noted writer and poet.
Elizabeth Cady Stanton: Key organizer of the Seneca Falls Convention.
Frederick Douglass: Abolitionist leader and former slave.
Harriet Tubman: Key figure in the Underground Railroad.
Henry David Thoreau: Philosopher and writer advocating for civil disobedience.
James K. Polk: U.S. President during significant territorial expansion.
Sojourner Truth: Women's rights activist and former slave.
Susan B. Anthony: Activist for women's rights and suffrage.
Walt Whitman: Poet known for celebrating individuality and democracy.

Abolitionist: A person advocating for the end of slavery.
Manifest Destiny: The belief that American settlers were destined to expand across North America.
Cession: The act of giving up land, typically via treaty.
Secede: To withdraw formally from an organization or political entity.
Suffrage: The right to vote in political elections.

Causes: Disputes over Texas and territory; desire for California and New Mexico; tensions after Texas joined the Union.
Major Events: Annexation of Texas, American troops entering disputed territory, warfare leading to the capture of Mexico City.
Effects: Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo resulted in significant territorial gains for the U.S. including California and New Mexico.

Focused on ending slavery, driven by moral and humanitarian principles.
Key Figures: William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass, Sojourner Truth.
Notable works include 'Uncle Tom’s Cabin' by Harriet Beecher Stowe which highlighted the realities of slavery.

Education Reform: Advocated by Horace Mann; focused on public education and inclusion of all children.
Prison Reform: Led by Dorothea Dix, aimed at humane treatment of prisoners and the mentally ill.
Women’s Rights: Seneca Falls Convention called for women's suffrage and rights, spearheaded by Stanton and Mott.

Manifest Destiny portrayed as a justification for growth into new territories, often at the expense of indigenous populations.
Effects on Native Americans: Displacement and loss of lands due to expansionist policies.
Rise of new cultural and economic opportunities leading to immigration and settlement patterns.

Transcendentalism: Philosophical movement emphasizing individual intuition and connection to nature.
Prominent writers: Thoreau, Whitman, and Poe.
Artistic movements demonstrated the American landscape and cultural identity.