Define These Terms Gilded Age Trusts Monopolies Horizontal Vs. Vertical Integration Urbanization The Square Deal New Freedom Sherman Antitrust Act Interstate Commerce Commission (Icc) American Federation Of Labor (Afl), Industrial Workers Of The World (Iww) Haymarket Riot Roosevelt Corollary Dollar Diplomacy Moral Imperialism Credit Mobilier Scandal Yellow Journalism/ Yellow Press Spanish American War (War Of 1898) Annexation Of Hawaii

Definitions

• Gilded Age: A transformative period in U.S. history from the 1870s to 1900, characterized by rapid economic growth and industrialization. This era saw the rise of powerful industrial magnates and significant technological advancements, such as the expansion of the railroad network and the invention of the telegraph. However, it was also marked by stark social issues, including labor exploitation, income inequality, and the struggles of immigrants adapting to new urban environments.

• Trusts: Legal arrangements where multiple companies consolidate, often through a board of trustees, to reduce competition and control market prices. These trusts emerged as powerful entities that could manipulate supply and demand, leading to public outcry and calls for regulation to protect consumer interests.

• Monopolies: Market structures in which a single company or entity dominates the market, effectively controlling prices and eliminating competition. Monopolies can lead to higher prices for consumers and stifle innovation, prompting government intervention to promote fair competition.

• Horizontal Integration: A business strategy involving the merging or acquisition of competitors within the same industry to increase market share and reduce competition. This approach allows companies to achieve economies of scale and enhance their market power.

• Vertical Integration: A comprehensive business strategy where a company controls all aspects of production, from acquiring raw materials to manufacturing and distributing the final product. This method can lead to increased efficiency and reduced costs, as companies can streamline operations and minimize reliance on external suppliers.

• Urbanization: The significant movement of populations from rural areas to urban centers, driven by industrial job opportunities and the allure of city life. This shift transformed the social landscape, leading to crowded living conditions, the rise of tenement housing, and new cultural dynamics as diverse populations converged in cities.

• The Square Deal: President Theodore Roosevelt's domestic program that aimed to ensure fairness for workers, consumers, and businesses alike. This initiative focused on regulating corporations, protecting consumers from unsafe products, and advocating for labor rights, thus promoting a balanced approach to economic growth.

• New Freedom: A policy framework introduced by President Woodrow Wilson, aimed at promoting economic opportunity for all and limiting government intervention in the economy. Wilson believed in breaking up monopolies and restoring competition to foster innovation and entrepreneurship.

• Sherman Antitrust Act: Enacted in 1890, this landmark legislation aimed at preventing monopolistic practices and promoting fair competition in the marketplace. It was

all terms

• Gilded Age

• Trusts

• Monopolies

• Horizontal vs. Vertical Integration

• Urbanization

• The Square Deal

• New Freedom 

• Sherman Antitrust Act

• Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)

• American Federation of Labor (AFL), Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)

• Haymarket Riot

• Roosevelt Corollary

• Dollar Diplomacy

• Moral Imperialism

• Credit Mobilier Scandal

• Yellow Journalism/ Yellow Press

• Spanish American War (War of 1898)

• Annexation of Hawaii