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Amsco 5.1
Key term/event | Definition (Think - Who, What, When, Where…) and Significance (Why this term matters) |
Mary Wollstonecraft’s A Vindication of the Rights of Women | Wrote about how females should be able to receive the same education that males get to receive, argued that it would allow women to become less dependent on men, her end goal was for women to receive the same rights and abilities that men got through reasoning, helped women eventually get the right to vote in England in 1928 |
Olympe de Gouges’s Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen (May need Google) | A French writer, fought for women to get equality and equal rights that were based of Enlightenment ideas, during the French Revolution, claimed women were equal to men which means they should get equal citizen rights, rights like property, liberty, resisting to oppression, wanted women realize the unequal treatment they had been receiving |
Seneca Falls Conference | Women activists gathered together to promote women’s suffrage and rights, demanded that women deserved to vote and hold office, property, manage income, and be legal guardians, huge point in women’s rights movement |
Elizabeth Cady Stanton | Spoke at the Seneca Falls Conference, suffragette, helped support and promote women’s rights and suffrage, said all men and women were made equal |
Lucretia Mott | Spoke with Elizabeth Cady Stanton at the Seneca Falls conference in New York, both wanted women to get equal rights and suffrage |
5.1| The Enlightenment
Objective | Key Developments | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Explain the intellectual and ideological context in which revolutions swept the Atlantic world from 1750 to 1900. | The Enlightenment was the shift from tradition to reason and individualism over community values. List the three ideals of the Enlightenment movement:
These new ideas resulted in two things:
An Age of New Ideas Ideas from the Scientific Revolution + Humanism and the Renaissance = Enlightenment. Describe the main ideas of thought and the main emphasis of Enlightenment thinkers: Believed that using reason would allow for natural laws to progress, didn’t deny God and highlighted human accomplishments while understanding the natural world, natural laws were what governed social and political thoughts, religion did not disappear (became less everywhere), socialism and liberalism became more thought, and conservatism The clash between new and old thinking led to revolutions that had two aims:
Define Nationalism. What was the cause of Nationalism? Nationalism: intense loyalty to other people who share the same language and culture, people who share cultures should live in an independent state to get rid of Europe’s multiethnic states. It was caused because of empires breaking up and new forms of government evolving. New Ideas and Their Roots Define Empiricism. Who emphasized Empiricism? Francis Bacon, Empiricism: belief that knowledge comes from sensual experiences, what is observed from one’s experience and experiments, not using reasoning from principles that come from tradition or religion, but observations stemmed from natural data Empiricism was based on natural data as opposed to reasoning on principles stemmed from tradition or religion. Define Social Contract: giving up some rights that one had to a sufficient central government to have law and order in place Summarize the beliefs and important works of Thomas Hobbes: Said that people were supposed to, was natural, to live in a bleak world that was “‘nasty, brutish, and short,’” and thought that if people agreed to a social contract, life would be better for them, wrote the Leviathan, both believed that political life was caused because of a social contract Summarize the beliefs and important works of John Locke: Locke wrote Two Treatises of Government, Locke thought and argued that social contract gave citizens the right to revolt against any unfair governments, thought that people had natural given rights to “life, liberty, and the pursuit of property” (AMSCO 340). Also wrote An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, where he said children when born had no thoughts or ideas, “blank slate” that was waiting to have knowledge, emphasized that people were shaped from enviorment and education Locke believed that enviorment and education were more important to someone than their ancestors. The Philosophes Who were the Philosophes and what did they explore? A new group of people, thinkers and writers that explored social, political, and economic theories using modern, new, systems, popularized concepts that they felt followed scientific thinkers of the 17th century
Who were Deists and what did they believe? Deists are people who believe that there is a divinity that watches over them but does not interfere with what is going on. They highlighted reasons to look over the relationship between humans and God. They believed that regularly attending church was a way people got guidance on morality and a social requirement. LOOKING BACK (Chart) Briefly summarize Medieval Scholasticism: Medieval Scholasticism is where people reason was used to defend faith, people argued by writing and debating, used Aristotle lots for back up, did not experiment much. A big thinker of Medieval Scholasticism is St. Thomas Aquinas. Briefly Summarize Renaissance Humanism: Renaissance humanism is when people wrote books that were practical, achievements made by humans were emphasized, secularism and individualism were heavily focused on. Briefly Summarize Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment: Scientific revolution was a time when empirical data was encouraged, beliefs in natural rights that people had, progress, and using reason, people of this time wanted new constitutions, wanted there to be religious tolerance, wrote books or things for the public who read. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Explain how the Enlightenment affected societies over time. | The Age of New Ideas Continues Describe what the world was like for the poor at this time: During this time, the poor lived in slums that were not sanitized and no good representation in politics. Define Conservatism. What did they believe? Conservatism is believing in traditional establishments, and preferred to rely on experience that was practical over ideological beliefs and theories. Utopian Socialism Define Socialism and its beliefs: Socialism is where the people owned the places that they worked at (i.e. mills that make cloth, machinery/land needed to mine for coal). It believed that the people should own what they work. Define Utopian Socialism and its beliefs: Utopian Socialism is where society could be bettered by setting up communities that would be successful contributors to society. Summarize the beliefs of the following Utopian Socialists:
Fabian Societies: Gradual socialists who favored reforming society by parliamentary means. Classical LIberalism Define the beliefs of Classical LIberalism believed people had natural rights, in a constitutional government, laissez-faire economics (wanted government out of people’s business, literally), and that less should be spent on armies, and more churches should be established. What did classical liberals want in Parliament? In Britain, wanted equal representation in parliament, and broadening male suffrage Feminism What was Olympe de Gouges reaction to “Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Male Citizen” during the French Revolution? She wrote her own “Declaration of the Rights of Women and the Female Citizen” where she talked about how women's rights had not been looked at and addressed. What did Mary Wollstronecraft believe about education? Believed that females should receive equal education as males do. Said that it would help prep women to participate in political and professional life, that would lead to independence away from men. Wanted equal rights for both genders. Outline the demands of listed in the “Declaration of Sentiments”. Women be able to vote, have office, have property, manage incomes, be their children’s legal guardians Abolitionism Define Abolitionism: The movement that wanted to end Atlantic slave trade, free enslaved people, and end serfdom. Why did slavery decline in many countries? Slave trade had been banned earlier (not slavery itself thought) The End of Serfdom Why did Serfdom decline? Serfdom declined because the economy in Europe changed from an agrarian one to an industrial economy. There were also peasant revolts against serfdom What was the largest single emancipation of people in bondage in human history? The Russian emancipation Zionism Define Zionism: The desire that Jews had to reestablish a homeland in the Middle East (where their ancestors once lived) where they could live independently Why did Jews want their own land to control? Because they knew that they could not live in peace and security in Europe when there was hostility against them in Europe, so they knew they needed to have their own land What was the Dreyfus Affair and what did it illustrate? A scandal where a Jewish military officer was convicted for treason against the French govt. Alfred Dreyfus was convicted of this because of forged documents, but the documents were made by anti semitism supporters, which shows how strong the dislike against Jews are, even though France was one of the countries in Europe that Jews lived in with the least amount of oppression. What were some obstacles Zionist faced before the establishment of Israel in 1948? The land wanted by the Jews were at the time controlled by the Ottomans and occupied by Palestinian Arabs, and they were both Muslim groups. |
NoteStudied by 90 peopleNoteStudied by 62 peopleNoteStudied by 5 peopleNoteStudied by 34 peopleNoteStudied by 402 peopleNoteStudied by 8 people