LK

Exam 1 Notes

  1. Male northern elephant seals arrive in January to defend territory on California beaches.
    A) They do not arrive.
    B) They arrive to defend territory.
    C) They arrive only in summer.
    D) They do not defend territories.
    Correct Answer: B

  2. Sponges (Phylum Porifera) use amoebocytes to move water through pores into the body and collect food particles.
    A) True
    B) False
    Correct Answer: A

  3. Davis et al. (2018) study suggests it will take millions of years for mammals to recover from the current biodiversity crisis.
    A) True
    B) False
    Correct Answer: A

  4. Dogs are often food motivated and learn behaviors for treats.
    A) Classical conditioning
    B) Operant conditioning
    C) Observational learning
    D) Insight learning
    Correct Answer: B

  5. Release of zooxanthellae from coral (Phylum Cnidaria, Subphylum Anthozoa) causes coral to bleach but does not immediately cause death.
    A) True
    B) False
    Correct Answer: B

  6. The major distinction between animal clades at node F is limbs with digits.
    A) True
    B) False
    Correct Answer: A

  7. The major distinction between animal clades at node H is triploblastic development.
    A) True
    B) False
    Correct Answer: A

  8. Members of Phylum Annelida are segmented and do have small-scale body control; they do not just thrash back and forth to move.
    A) True
    B) False
    Correct Answer: B

  9. Humans and orangutans are apes, and both have opposable thumbs.
    A) True
    B) False
    Correct Answer: B

  10. Several species of hominins (Order Primate) co-existed in Africa, Asia, and Europe.
    A) True
    B) False
    Correct Answer: A

  11. Marsupials complete development in a pouch.
    A) True
    B) False
    Correct Answer: A

  12. A key feature allowed Clade Aves, Phylum Arthropoda, and small Eutherians to colonize new habitats and diversify, and that feature is wings.
    A) True
    B) False
    Correct Answer: A

  13. According to optimal foraging theory, a cheetah is unlikely to chase a gazelle jumping up and down close by due to the energetic costs associated with foraging; this statement is false.
    A) True
    B) False
    Correct Answer: B

  14. To study human development at the blastula stage without using vertebrate animals, the invertebrate animal group to use is Subphylum Urochordata due to similar developmental patterns.
    A) True
    B) False
    Correct Answer: A

  15. The most likely common ancestor of animals is a colonial multi-celled flagellated protist.
    A) True
    B) False
    Correct Answer: A

  16. Phylum Nematoda is likely the most abundant animal phylum globally, important for decomposition and nutrient cycling.
    A) True
    B) False
    Correct Answer: A

  17. A goose rolling a chicken egg (and then baseball) into her nest is an example of a fixed action pattern.
    A) True
    B) False
    Correct Answer: A

  18. In seahorses (Clade Osteichthyes), the male cares for the eggs not necessarily because he knows the babies are his, but due to other evolutionary pressures.
    A) True
    B) False
    Correct Answer: B

  19. When stung by a Cnidarian (Phylum Cnidaria), the cnidocyte cell is responsible.
    A) True
    B) False
    Correct Answer: A

  20. Trematodes (Schistosomal) use snails in their life cycle for asexual reproduction.
    A) True
    B) False
    Correct Answer: A

  21. This examination is a closed book, closed note, closed internet, confidential examination. Acknowledging Villanova University's Code of Academic Integrity.
    A) Agree
    B) Disagree
    Correct Answer: A

  22. Phylum Cnidaria is not the largest group of non-bilaterian animals.
    A) True
    B) False
    Correct Answer: B

  23. Most extant animal phyla appeared during the Cambrian Period (542-488 mya).
    A) True
    B) False
    Correct Answer: A

  24. Arthropods are well adapted to land due to their segmented exoskeleton.
    A) True
    B) False
    Correct Answer: A

  25. The most significant change between 1980-2004 and 2004-2022 regarding the primary driver of global amphibian decline is that disease changed to increasing climate change effects.
    A) True
    B) False
    Correct Answer: A

  26. The notochord is a distinctive trait of Phylum Chordata, but it is not present in all animals in this group at least at the embryonic stage of development.
    A) True
    B) False
    Correct Answer: B

  27. Structure A is the dorsal, hollow nerve cord.
    A) True
    B) False
    Correct Answer: A

  28. Animals with a high number of Hox genes are generally more morphologically diverse than animals with a low number.
    A) True
    B) False
    Correct Answer: A

  29. The ectoderm gives rise to skin and nervous system.
    A) True
    B) False
    Correct Answer: A

  30. Class Chondrichthyes uses a liver with oil for buoyancy.
    A) True
    B) False
    Correct Answer: A

  31. Belding's ground squirrels produce alarm calls, which puts themselves at risk but warns relatives. This is an example of kin selection that may include both direct and indirect fitness benefits.
    A) True
    B) False
    Correct Answer: A

  32. Arthropods (Phylum Arthropoda) that undergo incomplete metamorphosis often do not take advantage of very different resources in their lifecycle.
    A) True
    B) False
    Correct Answer: B

  33. Animal: Mussels.
    Biomimetic Application: Mimicking mussel adhesive proteins (like glycosylated hydroxytryptophan) for longer-lasting dental adhesives. Addresses the problem of saliva and moisture affecting dental procedures.
    Biological Concepts: Green mussels use byssal threads to stick to surfaces underwater, utilizing a protein called glycosylated hydroxytryptophan to create a strong bond is more effective than the typical protein DOPA. Glycosylation is more hydrophilic, which allows for easier interactions with the water surrounding it, and the hydroxytryptophan is more oxidation resistant, which creates longer-lasting bonds. Dentists could utilize or mimic the proteins in order to create longer lasting adhesives. These proteins allow green muscles to form strong adhesives underwater, which could allow dentists to create crown moldings or filings that could be stronger and longer lasting adhesives with the properties of this protein could allow to combat the affect of saliva and moisture that is on the teeth, and therefore be more long lasting with more hydrophilic glocosylation and oxidation resistant hydroxytryptophan.
    Correct Answer: N/A

  34. The false statement about the 5th mass extinction is that it led to the diversification of dinosaurs; it actually led to their extinction and the subsequent diversification of mammals.
    A) True
    B) False
    Correct Answer: B

  35. A turtle is an ectothermic animal.
    A) True
    B) False
    Correct Answer: A

  36. In pseudocoelomates, the mesoderm does not line the entire coelom.
    A) True
    B) False
    Correct Answer: A

  37. The evolution of a fin skeleton (ulna, radius, humerus, digits) was important for early tetrapods as a key adaptation to gravity.
    A) True
    B) False
    Correct Answer: A

  38. Animals in Phylum Platyhelminthes are flat because they use diffusion for gas, nutrient, and waste exchange.
    A) True
    B) False
    Correct Answer: A

  39. Not all animals in the Clade marked "B" shed their exoskeleton.
    A) True
    B) False
    Correct Answer: B

  40. In Phylum Mollusca, the visceral mass is often modified.
    A) True
    B) False
    Correct Answer: A

  41. Vertebrates evolved before the bony skeleton in Subphylum Vertebrata.
    A) True
    B) False
    Correct Answer: B

  42. Class Amphibia is closely tied to aquatic and/or moist environments.
    A) True
    B) False
    Correct Answer: A

  43. The major distinction between animal clades at the node with a star is vertebrae.
    A) True
    B) False
    Correct Answer: A

  44. In the amniotic egg, the chorion exchanges gas across the membrane and shell.
    A) True
    B) False
    Correct Answer: A