Physical Science Chapter 3 - States of Matter Test Review

Multiple Choice Questions

Physical Science - Chapter 3: States of Matter Test Review

State Changes

Question 1: Evaporation refers to the change of state from a
- a. liquid to a gas. (Correct Answer)
- b. gas to a liquid.
- c. solid to a liquid.
- d. liquid to a solid.

Properties of Fluids

Question 2: The resistance of a fluid to flow is referred to as
- a. pressure.
- b. energy.
- c. viscosity. (Correct Answer)
- d. shape.

Gas Volume and Pressure Relationships

Question 3: Why does the volume of a gas decrease when the pressure increases?
- a. Gas particles slow down when the pressure is increased.
- b. Gas particles bond when the pressure is increased.
- c. Gas particles are pushed together when the pressure is increased. (Correct Answer)
- d. Gas particles become smaller when the pressure is increased.
Question 4: As the pressure of a gas at constant temperature decreases, its volume
- a. decreases.
- b. stays the same.
- c. increases. (Correct Answer)
- d. None of the above.

Particle Behavior in Condensation

Question 5: What happens to the particles of a substance when it condenses?
- a. Particles speed up and spread out.
- b. Particles slow down and clump together. (Correct Answer)
- c. Particles stick together and stop moving.
- d. Particles vibrate as they lose energy.

Pascal's Principle

Question 6: Pascal's principle states that a contained fluid exerts pressure
- a. equally in all directions. (Correct Answer)
- b. only downwards.
- c. only upwards.
- d. only upwards or downwards.

Behavior of Gas with Volume Changes

Question 7: When a sample of gas increases in volume, it must also
- a. decrease in pressure.
- b. increase in temperature.
- c. Either (a) or (b). (Correct Answer)

Particle Motion Based on Mass

Question 8: Compared to less massive particles at the same temperature, more massive particles
- a. move more quickly.
- b. move more slowly. (Correct Answer)
- c. are closer together.
- d. are farther apart.

Phase Changes of Matter

Question 9: The process of a liquid becoming a gas is called
- a. sublimation.
- b. condensation.
- c. evaporation. (Correct Answer)
- d. freezing.
Question 10: Archimedes' principle states that the buoyant force on a(n) object is equal to the weight of the displaced volume of
- a. object in the fluid. (Correct Answer)
- b. object floating on the fluid.
- c. fluid mixing with another liquid.
- d. substance dissolving into the fluid.

Identification of Fluids

Question 11: Which of the following is not a fluid?
- a. tea
- b. coffee
- c. oxygen
- d. beaker (Correct Answer)

Buoyancy and Density

Question 12: Ice floats in water because it is
- a. more dense than water.
- b. less dense than water. (Correct Answer)
- c. colder than water.
- d. warmer than water.
Question 13: Which state of matter will hold its shape without a container?
- a. solid. (Correct Answer)
- b. liquid
- c. gas
- d. plasma.
Question 14: Buoyant force is the
- a. lateral force.
- b. upward force. (Correct Answer)
- c. downward force.
- d. tensile force.

Kinetic Theory of Gases

Question 15: The kinetic theory states that the higher the temperature, the faster the
- a. particles that make up a substance move. (Correct Answer)
- b. bonds between atoms break down.
- c. molecules of gas rush together.
- d. lighter particles within a substance clump together.

Phase Changes: Solid to Gas

Question 16: The change of a substance from a solid directly to a gas is called
- a. condensation.
- b. evaporation.
- c. melting.
- d. sublimation. (Correct Answer)

Gas Pressure and Volume Relationships

Question 17: As the temperature of a fixed amount of gas at constant volume decreases, its pressure
- a. decreases. (Correct Answer)
- b. stays the same.
- c. increases.
- d. None of the above.

Energy Changes During Melting

Question 18: When ice melts to form liquid, energy is
- a. created.
- b. destroyed.
- c. released.
- d. absorbed. (Correct Answer)

Movement of Gas Particles

Question 19: The heavier a particle, the
- a. slower it moves. (Correct Answer)
- b. faster it moves.
- c. less it moves.
- d. more it moves.

Pressure and Volume of Gas

Question 20: As the volume of a fixed amount of gas at constant temperature decreases, its pressure
- a. decreases.
- b. stays the same.
- c. increases. (Correct Answer)
- d. Insufficient data to answer question.

Influencers of Fluid Flow

Question 21: The speed at which fluid flows through a pipe is influenced by the
- a. cross-sectional area of the pipe. (Correct Answer)
- b. viscosity of the fluid.
- c. all of the above.
- d. none of the above.

Phase Change from Liquid to Solid

Question 22: The process of a liquid becoming a solid is called
- a. condensation.
- b. freezing. (Correct Answer)
- c. evaporation.
- d. melting.

Energy During Liquid to Gas Phase Change

Question 23: A substance changes from a liquid to a gas during evaporation because
- a. energy is lost.
- b. energy is released.
- c. energy is created.
- d. energy is absorbed. (Correct Answer)

Calculation of Pressure

Question 24: Pressure is calculated by dividing force by the
- a. mass of the object.
- b. area. (Correct Answer)
- c. volume.
- d. None of the above.

Identifying Freezing Point

Question 25: The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a solid is the
- a. freezing point. (Correct Answer)
- b. saturation point.
- c. boiling point.
- d. condensation point.

Pressure and Speed of a Fluid

Question 26: As the speed of a moving liquid increases, its pressure
- a. decreases. (Correct Answer)
- b. stays the same.
- c. increases.
- d. varies.

Application of Pascal's Principle

Question 27: Pascal's principle states that a fluid in equilibrium enclosed by a vessel exerts pressure
- a. upwards.
- b. toward the vessel's opening.
- c. equally in all directions. (Correct Answer)
- d. downwards.

Comparison of Density in Floating vs Sinking

Question 28: How does the density of an object floating on a fluid compare to the density of the fluid?
- a. The floating object is less dense. (Correct Answer)
- b. The floating object is equally dense.
- c. The floating object is denser.
- d. The density cannot be compared.
Question 29: How does the density of an object that sinks into a fluid compare to the density of the fluid?
- a. The object that sinks is less dense than the fluid.
- b. The object that sinks is more dense than the fluid. (Correct Answer)
- c. The object that sinks is as dense as the fluid.
- d. The density of the object is not related to the density of the fluid.

Transition from Gas to Liquid

Question 30: A gas becomes a liquid through a process called
- a. melting.
- b. freezing.
- c. evaporation.
- d. condensation. (Correct Answer)

Fill-in-the-Blank Statements

Ice cubes left in the freezer for several months will become smaller because of AB Sublimation.
The most common state of matter in the universe is C plasma.
If a fixed amount of gas increases in pressure, at constant temperature, its volume is AC decreases.
When an object floats, the buoyant force is CE equal to the weight of the object.
A liquid has a definite volume, but no definite BE shape.
An upward force equal to the weight of the displaced fluid exerts a(n) DE buoyant force on any object immersed in or floating on a fluid.
The kinetic theory states that the particles in matter are always in BC motion.
For any change of state to occur, AE energy must be transferred.
Unlike other states of matter, E gases expand to fill their containers.
If a fixed sample of gas increases in temperature, at a constant pressure, its volume AB increases.
The law of conservation of Amass states that mass cannot be created or destroyed.

Short Answer Practice

Essay Practice

Application of Bernoulli's Principle to Flight: A plane is going fast, so the pressure above decreases. The pressure below is higher, which helps to lift the plane up.
Application of Pascal's Principle to Hydraulics: The pressure applied to the smaller piston is felt throughout the liquid. The larger piston has a greater area, so it amplifies the force.
Application of Boyle's Law to a Syringe: By drawing the handle back, the volume is increased, which decreases the pressure. When pushing the handle in, the volume decreases and the pressure increases.

Additional Principles

Boyle's Law: If the temperature of a fixed amount of gas remains constant, the pressure of the gas is inversely proportional to its volume.