PRECEDE-PROCEED Phase #4 Notes

PRECEDE-PROCEED Model: Phase #4 Notes

Overview of Phases

• Phase 1: Social Assessment
  Understanding the needs, wants, and perceptions of the community related to health and quality of life.
• Phase 2: Epidemiological Assessment
  Identifying the health problems and their causes within the population.
• Phase 3: Educational & Ecological Assessment
  Evaluating factors that influence behaviors such as predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors.
• Phase 4: Administrative and Policy Assessment and Intervention Alignment
  Developing and aligning interventions with organizational policies and administration.
• Phases 5-8: Implementation, Process Evaluation, Impact Evaluation, Outcome Evaluation
  The PROCEED phase involves putting the intervention into action and evaluating its effectiveness over time.

Tasks and Products of Phase #4

1. Develop Intervention

• Conduct a literature review to identify best practices.
• Select program components aligned with priority "determinants of change."

1. Assign Responsibilities

• Create a comprehensive task list and timetable for the intervention.

1. Assess Resources

• Identify needed and available resources, and create a budget.
• Analyze barriers and facilitators impacting resource availability.

Intervention (Treatment)

• Definition
  Planned actions designed to:
• Prevent disease or injury.
• Promote health in the priority population.
• Characteristics of Intervention
• Should be efficient and effective.
• Multiplicity: The number of components or activities.
• Dose: The amount of program units delivered.

Types of Intervention Strategies

• General Definition: A strategy is a plan of action that addresses health problems; it may include several activities.
• CDC Classification of Strategies:
• Health Communication: Influencing health decisions through various channels.
• Health Education: Teaching individuals about health.
• Health Policy/Enforcement: Establishing rules that guide behavior.
• Environmental Change: Modifying physical surroundings to promote health.
• Health-related Community Service: Offering community services to improve residents' health.
• Community Mobilization: Engaging the community in collective action.

Health Communication

• Aimed at influencing decisions in health at both individual and community levels.
• Considerations:
• Choosing appropriate communication channels (intrapersonal, interpersonal, institutional, mass media, social media).
• Ensuring health literacy is appropriate for the target audience.
• Cultural appropriateness in message delivery.

Health Literacy

• Importance of adjusting educational materials to match appropriate reading levels.
• Tools for Assessing Literacy:
• Flesch Reading Ease, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, SMOG, Fog, Fry.
• Health numeracy: The ability to understand numerical information.

Cultural Appropriateness

• Tailoring messages/interventions to be culturally sensitive.
• Recognizing cultural differences and communication styles.
• Example: Designing childhood obesity programs specifically for Hispanic communities.

Health Policy/Enforcement Strategies

• These strategies mandate actions to influence behavior.
• Often require selling the strategy as beneficial for the common good.
• These are more effective when combined with educational strategies.

Health-Related Community Service Strategies

• Providing services, tests, or treatments that enhance community health.
• Importance of community engagement and reducing barriers.
• Example: Community organizations offering HIV testing and wellness checks.

Community Mobilization Strategies

• Involves empowering the community to address shared concerns.
• Subcategories:
• Community Organization: Structuring for collective action.
• Community Building: Creating trust and connections.
• Community Advocacy: Influencing policies for community benefit.

Behavior Modification Activities

• Aimed at changing undesirable behaviors while encouraging desired actions.
• Based on operant conditioning principles: Using rewards and punishments.

Incentives vs. Disincentives

• Incentives: Rewards that encourage positive behavior.
• Example: Gift cards, certificates of achievement.
• Disincentives: Punishments that discourage negative behavior.
• Example: Verbal consequences for poor behavior.

Conclusion

• Understanding these components of Phase 4 is crucial for planning effective health interventions.