talk as social activity

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Discourse Analysis

• Delivered by: Meryam Ghazi, Aziza Ennaciri, Naima Belahssain, Khadija Elboukhari

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Outline

• Talk as a social activity

  • Written discourse

  • Text and interpretation

  • Larger patterns in text

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Talk as a Social Activity

• Exploration of the concept of talk as an essential component of social interaction, focusing on its roles beyond mere information transfer.

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Reflection Prompt

• Participants are prompted to share their thoughts about the nature of talk as a social activity.

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Definition

• Talk as a social activity emphasizes that human communication involves not just the exchange of information but also the interaction among individuals, fostering relationships, and maintaining social bonds.

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Purpose of Talk

• Establishing and maintaining social relationships.

• Individuality and identity expression.

• Enhancement of communication skills.

• Facilitation of cultural exchange.

• Problem-solving capabilities.

• Knowledge sharing among individuals.

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Contexts of Social Talk

• Discussion on the various contexts in which social talk occurs and its significance in those settings.

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Features of Social Talk

• Key characteristics include:

  • Turn-taking: The structured exchange of speaking turns.

  • Adjacency pairs: A sequence of speech acts that naturally follow each other.

  • Use of non-verbal cues: Incorporation of body language and facial expressions.

  • Flexibility: Adaptation to the flow of conversation.

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Challenges of Social Talk

• Cultural differences: Variations in communication styles and practices across cultures.

• Turn-taking and interruption: Difficulties in managing conversational flow and interruptions.

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Written Discourse

• Introduction to the concept of written discourse as it pertains to discourse analysis.

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Definition

• Written discourse involves the organization and connection of sentences within a text, facilitating effective communication of ideas through logical coherence and flow.

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Functions of Written Discourse

• Discussion on the various functions that written discourse serves in communication.

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Spoken vs Written Discourse

• Examination of the differences between spoken and written discourse, particularly in structure and delivery.

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Coherence vs Cohesion

• Cohesion: The grammatical and lexical linkage within a text that maintains unity.

• Coherence: The logical flow of ideas where relationships between sentences are clear.

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Cohesion and Coherence

• Detailed explanation of cohesion and coherence:

  • Cohesion connects various parts of text grammatically or lexically.

  • Coherence ensures a logical flow of ideas, allowing for clearer understanding.

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Cohesive Devices

• Conjunctions: Words connecting phrases, including:

  • Subordinate conjunctions

  • Correlative conjunctions

  • Coordinate conjunctions

• Substitution: Replacement of words for clarity.

• Punctuation: Use of marks to clarify meaning and structure in writing, e.g., commas, periods.

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Examples of Cohesion

• Without Cohesion: Disconnected sentences lacking logical flow.

• With Cohesion: Sentences that connect logically to provide clarity and coherence.

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Examples of Coherence

• Without Coherence: Random sentences that do not relate.

• With Coherence: Thoughts connected logically to create a clear narrative.

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Text and Interpretation Definition

• Text: A segment of language for analysis, emphasizing original words over summaries.

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Text Definition

• A text is a construct designed to communicate meaning, considered as a semantic unit.

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Definition of Interpretation

• Interpretation refers to a critical examination of what the creator aims to accomplish in their text.

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Factors Influencing Interpretation

• Factors include:

  • Context of the text

  • Linguistic features

  • Characteristics of the reader/listener

  • Features of the text itself

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Larger Patterns in Text

• Definition: Refers to overarching structures, themes, or strategies that enhance meaning and understanding in discourse.

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Importance of Larger Patterns

• Facilitate coherence and clarity.

• Reveal the text's purpose.

• Organize complex information.

• Engage the audience effectively.

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Thematic Patterns

• Focus on the development of themes throughout a text, ensuring coherence and effective flow of information.

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Genre Patterns

• Refer to typical structures of communication types influenced by purpose, context, and audience.

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Interactional Patterns

• Examine engagement and management of interactions among participants, highlighting social dynamics in discourse.

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Structural Patterns

• The systematic organization of ideas and interactions that shape how information is conveyed and comprehended.

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Conclusion

• Acknowledgment of the audience's attention.